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Sudan: Rapid scale up of response needed

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In one of the world’s worst crises for decades, Sudan is facing a colossal, man-made catastrophe, one year after the start of the war between the government-led Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), says a statement by MSF international.

It is a matter of life or death for millions of people to urgently enable safe humanitarian access. As governments, officials, aid organisations, and donors meet on 15 April in Paris to discuss ways to improve the delivery of humanitarian aid, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is making an urgent call for them to immediately scale up the humanitarian response.

Millions of people are at risk, yet the world is turning a blind eye as the warring parties intentionally block humanitarian access and the delivery of aid. The United Nations (UN) and member states must redouble their efforts towards negotiating safe and unhindered access, and to scale up the humanitarian response to prevent this already desperate situation from deteriorating any further.

“People in Sudan are suffering immensely as heavy fighting persists —including bombardments, shelling and ground operations in residential urban areas and in villages — and the health system and basic services have largely collapsed or been damaged by the warring parties,” says Jean Stowell, MSF head of mission in Sudan. “Only 20 to 30 per cent of health facilities remain functional in Sudan, meaning that there is extremely limited availability of healthcare for people across the country.”

Every day we see patients dying because of violence-related injuries, children perishing due to malnutrition… Despite all this, there is an extremely disturbing humanitarian void.

In areas close to hostilities, MSF teams have treated women, men and children injured by stray bullets and in the fighting, including shrapnel wounds, blast and gunshot injuries. Since April 2023, MSF-supported facilities have received more than 22,800 cases of trauma injuries and performed more than 4,600 surgeries, many of them related to the violence which occurred in Khartoum and Darfur. In Wad Madani, a town surrounded by three active frontlines, we currently see 200 patients per month with violence-related injuries.

According to the UN, more than eight million people have already been forced to flee their homes and been displaced multiple times, and 25 million – half of the country’s population – are estimated to need humanitarian assistance.

“Every day we see patients dying because of violence-related injuries, children perishing due to malnutrition and the lack of vaccines, women with complications after unsafe deliveries, patients who have experienced sexual violence, and people with chronic diseases who cannot access their medicines,” says Stowell. “Despite all this, there is an extremely disturbing humanitarian void.”

Although MSF works in good cooperation with the Ministry of Health, the Government of Sudan has persistently and deliberately obstructed access to humanitarian aid, especially to areas outside of their control. It has systematically denied travel permits for humanitarian staff and supplies to cross the front lines, restricted the use of border crossings, and established a highly restrictive process for obtaining humanitarian visas.

“Today, our biggest challenge is the scarcity of medical supplies,” says Ibrahim*, an MSF doctor working in Khartoum. “We’ve run out of surgical equipment, and we are on the brink of stopping all work unless supplies arrive.”

Khartoum is a city that has been under blockade for the past six months. A similar situation has been impacting the city of Wad Madani since January.

In RSF-controlled areas, where many different militias and armed groups also operate, health facilities and warehouses were frequently looted in the first months of the conflict. Incidents such as carjackings happen on a regular basis, and medical workers, particularly from the Ministry of Health, have been harassed and arrested.

In hard-to-reach areas like Darfur, Khartoum or Al-Jazirah, we often find ourselves the only, or one of the few, international humanitarian organisations present. The needs far exceed our capacity to respond. Even in more accessible areas such as White Nile, Blue Nile, Kassala and Gedaref states, the overall response is negligible: a drop in the ocean.

One example is the catastrophic malnutrition crisis in Zamzam camp in North Darfur, where there have been no food distributions from the World Food Programme since May 2023. Almost a quarter (23 per cent) of children we screened there in a rapid assessment in January were found to have acute malnutrition – seven per cent were severe cases. Forty per cent of pregnant and breastfeeding women were suffering from malnutrition, and there was a devastating mortality rate across the camp of 2.5 deaths per 10,000 people per day.

We’ve run out of surgical equipment, and we are on the brink of stopping all work unless supplies arrive.

“The situation in Sudan was already very fragile before the war and it has now become catastrophic,” says Ozan Agbas, MSF Emergency Operations Manager for Sudan. “In many of the areas where MSF has started emergency activities, we have not seen the return of the international humanitarian organisations that initially evacuated in April last year.”

Khadija Mohammad Abakkar, who had to flee her home in Zalingei, Central Darfur, in search of safety, recounts how difficult it was to survive without humanitarian assistance: “During the fighting, there was no access to healthcare or food in the camp. I sold my belongings to earn some money for food.”

While these are difficult conditions in which to operate, the response should have increased, not diminished, especially in the areas where access is possible. Increased efforts are urgently needed by all humanitarian organisations to find solutions to these problems and scale up activities across the country.

“The United Nations and their partners have persisted in self-imposed restrictions on accessing these regions,” says Agbas. “As a result, they have not even pre-positioned themselves to intervene or establish teams on the ground when opportunities arise.”

MSF calls on the warring parties to adhere to International Humanitarian Law and the humanitarian resolutions of the Jeddah declaration by putting in place mechanisms to protect civilians and to ensure safe humanitarian access to all areas of Sudan without exception – including stopping blockages. MSF also calls on the UN to show more boldness in the face of this enormous crisis and to focus on clear results related to increasing access so that they actively contribute towards enabling a rapid and massive scale-up of humanitarian assistance. MSF also urges donors to increase funding for the humanitarian response in Sudan.

*Name changed to protect identity.

MSF currently works in and supports more than 30 health facilities in 10 states in Sudan: Khartoum, Al Jazirah, White and Blue Nile, Al Gedaref, West Darfur, North, South and Central Darfur, and Red Sea. Our teams have also recently intervened in Kassala. We run activities in both SAF- and RSF-controlled areas. We provide trauma care, maternal care and treat malnutrition alongside other healthcare services.

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Le sauvetage en mer met en lumière la pression croissante exercée sur les migrants en Libye

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Trente-neuf personnes, dont sept femmes — parmi lesquelles une femme enceinte — et 13 enfants, ont été secourues en mer ce matin par l’équipage du M.V. Louise Michel, après qu’Alarm Phone a alerté le navire de la présence d’une embarcation pneumatique surchargée et impropre à la navigation en détresse.

Selon l’équipage, les personnes secourues voyageaient sans équipements de sauvetage adéquats, sans carburant ni nourriture. Certaines auraient souffert de brûlures causées par le carburant. Le groupe est désormais transporté vers Messine.

Ce sauvetage intervient alors que le suivi des opérations de contrôle migratoire en Libye fait état de centaines de personnes interceptées, arrêtées ou soumises à d’autres mesures dans le cadre d’opérations menées à travers le pays.

Entre le 2 et le 4 octobre, selon les informations disponibles, entre 312 et 342 personnes auraient été prises dans de telles opérations, bien que le nombre réel puisse être plus élevé.

Dans la région de Tobrouk, les rapports de suivi indiquent qu’environ 120 à 150 personnes ont été interceptées lors d’opérations terrestres. Dans les quartiers de Tajoura et d’Aïn Zara, à Tripoli, environ 85 personnes auraient été détenues lors de perquisitions menées dans des domiciles et sur des lieux de travail.

Au large de Zawiya, 62 personnes supplémentaires auraient été interceptées en mer et renvoyées en Libye, tandis qu’environ 45 autres auraient été arrêtées le long des routes de transit du sud, près de Koufra.

Ces chiffres illustrent les différentes étapes du contrôle migratoire auxquelles sont confrontées les personnes qui tentent de quitter la Libye : interception à terre, détention, interception en mer et, dans certains cas, expulsion ou retour forcé.

Dans le même temps, les organisations civiles de recherche et de sauvetage opérant en Méditerranée continuent de faire l’objet d’enquêtes, de mesures administratives visant leurs navires, d’amendes et de critiques politiques concernant leurs activités.

Ce contraste a suscité des critiques de la part des organisations de sauvetage, qui affirment que les groupes humanitaires sont soumis à des restrictions croissantes, tandis que les acteurs libyens chargés de la sécurité et des interceptions continuent de bénéficier de la coopération, de la formation, de l’équipement et du financement européens dans le cadre d’efforts présentés comme relevant de la « gestion des migrations ».

La question est devenue un élément controversé de la politique migratoire européenne, certains défenseurs des droits des migrants s’interrogeant sur le fait de savoir si les mesures visant à empêcher les migrations irrégulières contribuent à la détention et au retour forcé de personnes qui tentent de rejoindre un lieu sûr.

Pour les 39 personnes secourues par le Louise Michel, le voyage se poursuit en direction de l’Italie. Pour les centaines d’autres personnes qui auraient été interceptées à travers la Libye ces derniers jours, l’issue a été la détention, le renvoi ou l’éloignement des routes migratoires.

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Rescue at sea highlights growing pressure on migrants in Libya

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Thirty-nine people, including seven women—one of them pregnant—and 13 children, were rescued at sea this morning by the crew of the M.V. Louise Michel after Alarm Phone alerted the vessel to an overcrowded and unseaworthy rubber boat in distress.

According to the crew, those rescued had been traveling without adequate life-saving equipment, fuel or food. Some were reportedly suffering from fuel burns. The group is now being transported toward Messina.

The rescue comes as monitoring of migration-enforcement operations in Libya points to hundreds of people being intercepted, arrested or otherwise processed in operations across the country.

Between October 2 and 4, an estimated 312 to 342 people were reportedly caught up in such operations, although the actual number could be higher.

Around Tobruk, monitoring reports indicate that approximately 120 to 150 people were intercepted during land operations. In Tripoli’s Tajoura and Ain Zara areas, around 85 people were reportedly detained during house and workplace raids.

Off the coast of Zawiya, a further 62 people were reportedly intercepted at sea and returned to Libya, while around 45 others were reported to have been caught along southern transit routes near Kufra.

The figures illustrate the different stages of migration enforcement faced by people attempting to leave Libya: interception on land, detention, interception at sea and, in some cases, deportation or forced return.

At the same time, civilian search-and-rescue organisations operating in the Mediterranean continue to face investigations, administrative measures against their vessels, fines and political criticism over their activities.

The contrast has prompted criticism from rescue organisations, which argue that humanitarian groups face increasing restrictions while Libyan security and interception actors continue to receive European cooperation, training, equipment and funding as part of efforts described as “migration management.”

The issue has become a contentious part of Europe’s migration policy, with advocates questioning whether measures intended to prevent irregular migration are contributing to the detention and forced return of people who are attempting to reach safety.

For the 39 people rescued by the Louise Michel, the journey has continued toward Italy. For hundreds of others reportedly intercepted across Libya in recent days, the outcome has been detention, return or removal from migration routes.

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 Jeff Crisp s’interroge sur la représentation des migrants à la Conférence de Vienne sur les migrations

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L’ancien responsable de la politique et de l’évaluation au HCR, Jeff Crisp, s’est interrogé sur la représentation des migrants à la prochaine Conférence de Vienne sur les migrations 2026, demandant combien de migrants y participeront par rapport aux responsables chargés des affaires intérieures, de la sécurité et du contrôle des frontières.

Crisp a soulevé cette question en réaction à une publication du Centre international pour le développement des politiques migratoires (ICMPD), annonçant l’ouverture des inscriptions pour suivre en ligne sa conférence annuelle phare.

« Combien de migrants seront présents à cette conférence ? Et combien de responsables des affaires intérieures, de la sécurité et du contrôle des frontières ? », a écrit Crisp.

L’ICMPD a indiqué que la 11e édition de la Conférence de Vienne sur les migrations se tiendra les 16 et 17 novembre et réunira des décideurs de haut niveau, des praticiens et des experts d’Europe et d’ailleurs pour un échange de haut niveau sur les politiques migratoires.

Dans sa publication, l’organisation n’a pas précisé combien de migrants ou de représentants d’organisations dirigées par des migrants participeraient à la conférence.

L’intervention de Crisp attire l’attention sur la composition des forums consacrés aux politiques migratoires, notamment sur la mesure dans laquelle les personnes ayant une expérience directe de la migration y sont représentées aux côtés des responsables gouvernementaux et des professionnels des politiques migratoires.

La Conférence de Vienne sur les migrations est organisée chaque année par l’ICMPD, une organisation internationale qui travaille avec les gouvernements et d’autres parties prenantes sur les politiques migratoires et de mobilité.

La conférence de 2026 doit se tenir à Vienne, avec un accès en ligne disponible pour les participants inscrits.    

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