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Thousands deported, several killed by harsh conditions following deportations from Algeria to Niger  desert between 1 January and June 2025-Alarme Phone Sahara

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According to security officials in Assamaka, between 1 and 21 April 2025, 2,753 Nigerien nationals, including 308 minors and 196 women, were deported from Algeria in so-called official convoys. According to the same source, during the same period, 2,222 people, including 146 nationals of Niger and 2,076 from other countries, mainly African, were also deported in so-called unofficial convoys and arrived in Assamaka.

On 7 June, InfoMigrants reported that, according to the Nigerien authorities, a total of 16,000 people had been deported from Algeria to Niger since April.

Without complete detailed figures on all deportation convoys, it is difficult to determine with any degree of certainty the total number of people deported since the beginning of 2025.

In any case, it’s clear that the large number of people arriving in Assamaka empty-handed, often sick, injured and traumatised, far exceeds the capacity of local reception facilities.

People killed by the conditions of deportation

The Alarm Phone Sahara team in Assamaka reports several cases of deaths caused by the conditions of expulsion in the first half of 2025:

02.03.2025: A Malian migrant, upon arriving in Assamaka, dies because of a beating received in Algeria by the security forces. The Alarm Phone Sahara whistleblower team buries him on the spot.

19.04.2025: An Ivorian national dies in Assamaka. He is buried by the Alarm Phone Sahara team.

21.04.2025: A Guinean national in a group of people deported in an ‘unofficial’ convoy and dumped in the desert outside Assamaka dies. The Alarm Phone Sahara team attends the funeral at the local cemetery.

22 April 2025: Two deceased persons are discovered in the desert 10 km and 12 km west of Assamaka. Based on their condition, one of the two persons died a few days earlier and the other significantly longer ago. IOM health workers and the gendarmerie take care of their burial.

Alarm Phone Sahara shares the grief of the relatives of these people who were deprived of their lives in appalling conditions and demands an end to the inhumane and deadly pushbacks from Algeria.

Expulsions in violent and dangerous conditions

Testimonies from various people, women and men, deported in deportation convoys reveal a disturbing pattern of border violence perpetrated by Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan security forces.

These are not isolated incidents, but systematic abuses marked by racism, sexism and extreme brutality – sometimes with fatal consequences.

Since the Tunisian state began large-scale deportations to its borders in 2023, many of those affected have been victims of a systematic practice of chain deportations: from Tunisia to the Algerian border, then, after being intercepted by Algerian security forces, to the Niger border near Assamaka.

Usually, people are deported at the ‘Point Zero’ post located 15 km from Assamaka, which serves as a reference point. However, recently, the Alarm Phone Sahara team has observed cases where people have been left at different locations in the surrounding area. This also complicates the work of the Alarm Phone Sahara team, which sets off each time to ‘Point Zero’ on its tricycle to rescue people in distress, especially the sick and injured and women with children.

Since the IOM stopped running such recue shuttles, Alarm Phone Sahara has become the only organisation on the ground that regularly sets off to ‘Point Zero’ to provide humanitarian assistance.

Given the difficult conditions in Algerian detention centres and during transport in the back of trucks, as well as the ill-treatment inflicted, many people arrive sick, injured or with fractures. In this condition, they have to walk to Assamaka until someone comes to their rescue.

For those who are deported, it is also difficult and dangerous, as the Algerian forces often drop them off between 10:30 and 11:00 a.m. in the heat and hot wind.

The lack of water and food for first aid to the hungry and thirsty also poses a challenge for the rescue team.

Despite all these difficulties, the Alarm Phone Sahara team is doing everything possible to prevent people from dying in the desert as a result of inhumane pushbacks.

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Distribution of pure water to deported people at Point Zero. 22.05.2025. ©Alarme Phone Sahara

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Boarding of deported people on Alarme Phone Sahara’s tricycles at Point Zero. 10.05.2025. ©Alarme Phone Sahara

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Deported people on the way from Point Zero to Assamaka on Alarme Phone Sahara’s tricycle. 29.05.2025. ©Alarme Phone Sahara

Authorities and media in Niger alerted to mass expulsions in Assamaka

Faced with the high number of people deported to the border in Assamaka in April 2025, the Nigerien public authorities and media are increasingly responding to the resulting emergency.

Several official delegations have visited the area to assess the situation. In May, a delegation comprising the regional governor, the prefects of Ingall and Arlit and senior officials was on the ground at the very moment when Algerian forces were dropping off large numbers of people at Point Zero and the Assamaka police station. Representatives of the IOM, who were also present during the visit, stated that more than 1,500 people were at that time in the local IOM reception centre and in emergency shelters set up by the Italian NGO COOPI.

According to the Alarm Phone Sahara team, an urgent issue is the transport of at least 4,000 migrants to their countries of origin by July, considering that many of them see no other prospects on their migration route.

Another notable development is the increased interest of the Nigerien media, in particular the national radio and television station RTN, which has reported in detail on the situation at the Niger-Algeria border and has also given a voice to those affected by the expulsions from the Maghreb countries.

Alarm Phone Sahara demands:

  • In addition to emergency aid for the thousands of people deported, an immediate end to the round-ups and mass deportations in Algeria and Tunisia, as well as an end to border violence and human rights violations against people on the move!
  • EU Member States have a duty to immediately end deals and cooperation with Maghreb countries aimed at preventing migration, as they are complicit in systematic border violence and the deaths of people on the move!

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UN appoints new senior leadership for UNHCR

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The United Nations has announced a new set of senior appointments to the leadership of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), with Secretary-General António Guterres naming Tressa Rae Finerty as Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees, Antón Leis García as Assistant High Commissioner for Operations, and Edem Wosornu as Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.

The appointments, announced on Saturday, are expected to take effect in the coming weeks.

The three officials will occupy the most senior positions within UNHCR, supporting the High Commissioner in leading the agency’s global response to the protection and assistance of refugees, stateless persons and other people forced to flee their homes.

Welcoming the appointments, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Barham Salih expressed confidence that the incoming officials would strengthen the agency’s response to the growing global displacement crisis.

“I warmly welcome these appointments and look forward to working closely with Tressa, Anton and Edem,” Salih said.

“Their leadership, experience and commitment will be invaluable as UNHCR responds to displacement challenges around the world. Together, we will work to continue strengthening protection, expanding opportunities for self-reliance and pursuing lasting solutions that help refugees rebuild their lives with dignity.”

Finerty, a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, currently serves as Chargé d’Affaires at the United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. She previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Geneva and Deputy Executive Secretary in the Office of the U.S. Secretary of State. Her diplomatic career has also included postings at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations in New York and embassies in Malaysia, Iraq, Armenia and Thailand. In addition, she has taught refugee policy at New York University and Georgetown University.

Leis García currently heads the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), Spain’s development and humanitarian agency. He has previously held senior positions at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Office of the President of the Spanish Government, and international financial institutions including the African Development Bank and the World Bank Group.

Wosornu currently serves as Director of the Crisis Response Division at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Emergency Directors Group. She has held several senior headquarters and field positions within OCHA and began her United Nations career as an intern at UNHCR before working in the private legal sector in the United Kingdom.

The newly appointed officials will replace Kelly T. Clements, Deputy High Commissioner; Raouf Mazou, Assistant High Commissioner for Operations; and Ruvendrini Menikdiwela, Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, whose terms are coming to an end.

Paying tribute to the outgoing leaders, Salih praised their contributions to the agency’s humanitarian mission.

“The organization owes a profound debt of gratitude to Kelly, Raouf and Ruven for their exceptional service and dedication,” he said. “Their leadership has strengthened UNHCR’s ability to protect and assist millions of displaced and stateless people around the world.”

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Sixth batch of Nigerians stranded in South Africa return home

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The final batch of 40 stranded Nigerians evacuated from South Africa has arrived at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) in Lagos, bringing to a close the Federal Government’s evacuation exercise that returned a total of 1,174 citizens.

The returnees landed on Friday night aboard a chartered Air Peace flight, marking the sixth and final phase of the evacuation programme.

In a statement issued on Saturday, the Director of Media, Public Relations and Protocols of the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NiDCOM), Abdur-Rahman Balogun, said the exercise was carried out through six flights operated by Air Peace and ValueJet.

According to the commission, the first five batches brought home 258, 266, 262, 282 and 66 Nigerians, while the final chartered Air Peace flight evacuated the remaining 40 stranded citizens.

Balogun said the returnees expressed appreciation to President Bola Tinubu for approving the evacuation from South Africa. They also thanked the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu, the Acting Nigerian Ambassador to South Africa, Temitope Alexander-Ajayi, and NiDCOM Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Abike Dabiri-Erewa, for facilitating their safe return.

The evacuees were received at the airport by NiDCOM officials, who also announced a series of support packages from government agencies, corporate organisations and individuals.

According to the statement, Governor Hope Uzodimma of Imo State approved a grant of N1 million for each returnee from the state. Telecommunications company MTN also donated free SIM packs with N50,000 worth of data and pledged to credit each returnee’s bank account with N100,000.

Officials from the Edo and Delta State governments similarly announced assistance for their indigenes among the evacuees.

The commission added that the JAAL Foundation pledged empowerment support for 50 female returnees, while the General Overseer of Omega Power Ministries Worldwide, Apostle Dr Chibuzor Gift Chinwe, was commended for providing free accommodation for about 52 returnees, skills acquisition opportunities for their families and free education for their children up to university level.

The returnees also acknowledged Pastor Bolaji Idowu of Harvesters Church for donating N100,000 each to 66 evacuees, while real estate firm Cruxstone provided financial support to the first batch of returnees.

Balogun said officials of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), the Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS), the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) and other security agencies were present at the airport to receive and document the returnees.

“The returnees were full of gratitude for the donations, support and warm welcome received,” the statement said.

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EU Pact offers hope for better migration management and fairer asylum systems- IOM, UNHCR

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The UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, and the UN Migration Agency, IOM have welcomed the entry into force today of the European Union’s Pact on Migration and Asylum as an opportunity to move beyond crisis-driven responses and implement a more predictable, fair and effective approach to the issues across Europe.

EU Member States should seize this moment to strengthen migration management and refugee protection while advancing solidarity and responsibility-sharing in line with European values and international obligations, the agencies’ chiefs said.

“The Pact’s entry into full effect today is an important step toward a more predictable and coherent European migration system. What matters now is steady implementation over time that is effective, humane, sustainably resourced and grounded in cooperation,” said Amy Pope, Director General of the International Organization for Migration. “The priority is turning the reforms into practical results for States, communities, and people on the move.”

The Pact aims to make EU asylum systems more efficient and consistent, offering a structured framework for Member State cooperation. This can reduce backlogs while maintaining the quality of assessments, provide greater certainty for asylum-seekers, and enable refugees to begin rebuilding their lives and contributing to their communities sooner.

“This Pact is an important step in the right direction, advancing shared responsibility and more predictable, sustainable approaches across the European Union,” said Barham Salih, UN High Commissioner for Refugees. “UNHCR stands ready to support all Member States in strengthening asylum systems – ensuring access to protection for those in need, upholding human rights and dignity, and enabling safe, lawful and dignified returns for those not in need of international protection.”

IOM and UNHCR welcome the EU’s renewed focus on partnerships with all affected countries. Reducing irregular movements means addressing root causes, ensuring access to protection, tackling smuggling networks, and enabling safe, regular pathways. The organizations will continue to support route-based approaches that ensure policies deliver on protection, dignity and shared responsibility, while contributing to sustainable solutions that benefit both countries and communities along migration routes.

UNHCR and IOM welcome several key elements of the Pact, including earlier identification of people with specific needs, strengthened legal assistance, and new independent monitoring mechanisms at external borders. Returns of those with no legal right to stay must be both effective and humane. Alongside enforcement, they should ensure access to informed voluntary return, early case management, and reintegration support, working with countries of origin, transit and first asylum as part of a balanced approach that upholds dignity and fundamental rights.

These measures can help ensure that asylum processing and return procedures are faster and fairer, reducing uncertainty for asylum-seekers while strengthening public confidence in the migration and asylum system.

UNHCR and IOM stress that implementation will be the decisive test. Procedures must be carried out with adequate safeguards to ensure that no one is returned or transferred to a situation where they may face persecution, conflict or other forms of serious harm.

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