Features
Unlocking Safe Pathways: How safe migration channels benefit everyone by by Ugochi Daniels
A new publication by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) shows what legal migration channels look like today, based on data from 100 countries and 69 cities around the world.

This week, we mark the World Day Against Trafficking in Persons, a reminder of the ongoing fight against one of the biggest scourges of our time, and also a reminder of the need for safe, orderly and regular migration pathways.
Expanding legal channels for migration through increasing visas for specific purposes such as work, education or family reunification reduces the risks of trafficking and may actually dampen irregular migration, especially when it is combined with border enforcement and other efforts.
Migration is expected to grow — in both size and complexity — in the coming years. However, right now the options available for potential migrants are not fit for purpose. In some cases, there may be legal channels for migration, but these may not be accessible to everyone. For example, options for legal migration for those from developing countries have decreased, while those for individuals from developed countries have grown.
What the current system often fails to recognize is the full benefit that migration brings for individuals, communities and countries of origin and destination.
Many high-income countries are experiencing labour shortages, exacerbated by aging populations. In both countries of origin and destination, reducing migration barriers is associated with large economic gains. For instance, in 2022, tax contributions of Venezuelan migrants and refugees to Colombia reached 529.1 million US dollars.
This means that having more legal ways to migrate could not only help save migrants’ lives and protect their rights, offering alternatives to exploitation found in dangerous migration routes or through smuggling, but it would also help countries’ societies and economies.
If more migrants had safe and legal ways to access healthcare, training, education or employment, they would be better integrated in their countries of destination. This would unlock a range of proven benefits — from more entrepreneurship to higher taxes paid.
New channels, or “pathways,” should be set up to facilitate migration for education, labour, family, humanitarian or other reasons.
What could this look like in practice? These could range from large-scale national initiatives to smaller local projects — for example, from laws allowing student migrants to work to community projects allowing citizens to take in refugees.
A new report by IOM’s Migration Governance Indicators shows that 24 per cent of countries studied had measures to facilitate migration for education, 39 per cent to facilitate labour migration, 39 per cent to facilitate migration for humanitarian reasons, and 42 per cent to facilitate migration for family reasons.
The way that governments went about setting their policies often made a difference. For example, countries that engaged with the private sector on migration policy were more likely to have clearly defined programmes for managing labour migration. Countries that had agreements on how to move social security benefits across borders — for example, pensions — were more likely to have measures to allow family-related migration. This shows that when it comes to establishing more legal channels for migration, working with different countries and sectors can help.

The study also found that government information on visa or residence options was often not user-friendly. The information was rarely offered in different languages, and only around half of countries provided clear and regularly updated information about migration rules and regulations.
Migration procedures themselves were not always easy to use. Most countries used a combination of online and paper processes for visa applications, and only 16 per cent had fully online processes.
Policies to facilitate regular migration often pay off. Among countries that primarily received migrants, those that were part of regional agreements to promote labour migration (such as EU freedom of movement agreements) tended to have lower dependency ratios — in other words, migrants to these countries were more often working age and available to hold jobs that contributed to tax revenues and overall economic activity — which supports better healthcare and pension systems.
The study also showed that migrant-sending countries benefitted from certain policies. For example, countries that had emigration policies and engaged their diasporas abroad received, on average, three times more remittances than countries lacking these policies. These inflows were considerable — an equivalent of 12.9 per cent of those countries’ GDP in 2022.

As the world becomes more complex through ever-evolving technological, geopolitical, demographic and environmental change, new challenges and opportunities are emerging for migration policy. This means that new approaches are needed not only to make migration safe, but to make it as beneficial for migrants and countries as possible.
When people have more regular, safer and more orderly opportunities to migrate, they benefit. And so do the communities they come from and migrate to. Expanding regular migration pathways enables everyone to benefit from migration.
The good news is that increasingly, there is far more than enough evidence to act upon.
Authored by Ugochi Daniels, IOM Deputy Director General for Operations
Features
UN appoints new senior leadership for UNHCR
The United Nations has announced a new set of senior appointments to the leadership of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), with Secretary-General António Guterres naming Tressa Rae Finerty as Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees, Antón Leis García as Assistant High Commissioner for Operations, and Edem Wosornu as Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.
The appointments, announced on Saturday, are expected to take effect in the coming weeks.
The three officials will occupy the most senior positions within UNHCR, supporting the High Commissioner in leading the agency’s global response to the protection and assistance of refugees, stateless persons and other people forced to flee their homes.
Welcoming the appointments, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Barham Salih expressed confidence that the incoming officials would strengthen the agency’s response to the growing global displacement crisis.
“I warmly welcome these appointments and look forward to working closely with Tressa, Anton and Edem,” Salih said.
“Their leadership, experience and commitment will be invaluable as UNHCR responds to displacement challenges around the world. Together, we will work to continue strengthening protection, expanding opportunities for self-reliance and pursuing lasting solutions that help refugees rebuild their lives with dignity.”
Finerty, a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, currently serves as Chargé d’Affaires at the United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. She previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Geneva and Deputy Executive Secretary in the Office of the U.S. Secretary of State. Her diplomatic career has also included postings at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations in New York and embassies in Malaysia, Iraq, Armenia and Thailand. In addition, she has taught refugee policy at New York University and Georgetown University.
Leis García currently heads the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), Spain’s development and humanitarian agency. He has previously held senior positions at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Office of the President of the Spanish Government, and international financial institutions including the African Development Bank and the World Bank Group.
Wosornu currently serves as Director of the Crisis Response Division at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Emergency Directors Group. She has held several senior headquarters and field positions within OCHA and began her United Nations career as an intern at UNHCR before working in the private legal sector in the United Kingdom.
The newly appointed officials will replace Kelly T. Clements, Deputy High Commissioner; Raouf Mazou, Assistant High Commissioner for Operations; and Ruvendrini Menikdiwela, Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, whose terms are coming to an end.
Paying tribute to the outgoing leaders, Salih praised their contributions to the agency’s humanitarian mission.
“The organization owes a profound debt of gratitude to Kelly, Raouf and Ruven for their exceptional service and dedication,” he said. “Their leadership has strengthened UNHCR’s ability to protect and assist millions of displaced and stateless people around the world.”
Features
Sixth batch of Nigerians stranded in South Africa return home
The final batch of 40 stranded Nigerians evacuated from South Africa has arrived at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) in Lagos, bringing to a close the Federal Government’s evacuation exercise that returned a total of 1,174 citizens.
The returnees landed on Friday night aboard a chartered Air Peace flight, marking the sixth and final phase of the evacuation programme.
In a statement issued on Saturday, the Director of Media, Public Relations and Protocols of the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NiDCOM), Abdur-Rahman Balogun, said the exercise was carried out through six flights operated by Air Peace and ValueJet.
According to the commission, the first five batches brought home 258, 266, 262, 282 and 66 Nigerians, while the final chartered Air Peace flight evacuated the remaining 40 stranded citizens.
Balogun said the returnees expressed appreciation to President Bola Tinubu for approving the evacuation from South Africa. They also thanked the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu, the Acting Nigerian Ambassador to South Africa, Temitope Alexander-Ajayi, and NiDCOM Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Abike Dabiri-Erewa, for facilitating their safe return.
The evacuees were received at the airport by NiDCOM officials, who also announced a series of support packages from government agencies, corporate organisations and individuals.
According to the statement, Governor Hope Uzodimma of Imo State approved a grant of N1 million for each returnee from the state. Telecommunications company MTN also donated free SIM packs with N50,000 worth of data and pledged to credit each returnee’s bank account with N100,000.
Officials from the Edo and Delta State governments similarly announced assistance for their indigenes among the evacuees.
The commission added that the JAAL Foundation pledged empowerment support for 50 female returnees, while the General Overseer of Omega Power Ministries Worldwide, Apostle Dr Chibuzor Gift Chinwe, was commended for providing free accommodation for about 52 returnees, skills acquisition opportunities for their families and free education for their children up to university level.
The returnees also acknowledged Pastor Bolaji Idowu of Harvesters Church for donating N100,000 each to 66 evacuees, while real estate firm Cruxstone provided financial support to the first batch of returnees.
Balogun said officials of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), the Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS), the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) and other security agencies were present at the airport to receive and document the returnees.
“The returnees were full of gratitude for the donations, support and warm welcome received,” the statement said.
Features
EU Pact offers hope for better migration management and fairer asylum systems- IOM, UNHCR
The UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, and the UN Migration Agency, IOM have welcomed the entry into force today of the European Union’s Pact on Migration and Asylum as an opportunity to move beyond crisis-driven responses and implement a more predictable, fair and effective approach to the issues across Europe.
EU Member States should seize this moment to strengthen migration management and refugee protection while advancing solidarity and responsibility-sharing in line with European values and international obligations, the agencies’ chiefs said.
“The Pact’s entry into full effect today is an important step toward a more predictable and coherent European migration system. What matters now is steady implementation over time that is effective, humane, sustainably resourced and grounded in cooperation,” said Amy Pope, Director General of the International Organization for Migration. “The priority is turning the reforms into practical results for States, communities, and people on the move.”
The Pact aims to make EU asylum systems more efficient and consistent, offering a structured framework for Member State cooperation. This can reduce backlogs while maintaining the quality of assessments, provide greater certainty for asylum-seekers, and enable refugees to begin rebuilding their lives and contributing to their communities sooner.
“This Pact is an important step in the right direction, advancing shared responsibility and more predictable, sustainable approaches across the European Union,” said Barham Salih, UN High Commissioner for Refugees. “UNHCR stands ready to support all Member States in strengthening asylum systems – ensuring access to protection for those in need, upholding human rights and dignity, and enabling safe, lawful and dignified returns for those not in need of international protection.”
IOM and UNHCR welcome the EU’s renewed focus on partnerships with all affected countries. Reducing irregular movements means addressing root causes, ensuring access to protection, tackling smuggling networks, and enabling safe, regular pathways. The organizations will continue to support route-based approaches that ensure policies deliver on protection, dignity and shared responsibility, while contributing to sustainable solutions that benefit both countries and communities along migration routes.
UNHCR and IOM welcome several key elements of the Pact, including earlier identification of people with specific needs, strengthened legal assistance, and new independent monitoring mechanisms at external borders. Returns of those with no legal right to stay must be both effective and humane. Alongside enforcement, they should ensure access to informed voluntary return, early case management, and reintegration support, working with countries of origin, transit and first asylum as part of a balanced approach that upholds dignity and fundamental rights.
These measures can help ensure that asylum processing and return procedures are faster and fairer, reducing uncertainty for asylum-seekers while strengthening public confidence in the migration and asylum system.
UNHCR and IOM stress that implementation will be the decisive test. Procedures must be carried out with adequate safeguards to ensure that no one is returned or transferred to a situation where they may face persecution, conflict or other forms of serious harm.
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