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Minors stranded along the Eastern route
Amara* and Aisha*, aged 16 and 15 respectively, are from Harar in eastern Ethiopia. The two friends lived in the same part of the city, and were students at the same school, before they set off together on a journey that would change their lives.
A neighbour, Tigist*, had a sister who was financially successful in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After securing a job, Tigist’s sister – like many migrants who travel from Ethiopia to the Gulf States in search of better economic opportunities – sent money back home, lifting the family out of poverty and even building a new house for their mother in Harar.
This story ignited dreams in Amara and Aisha’s minds; the teenagers saw this as a way to escape the extreme poverty in their hometown.
“We decided to go to Saudi Arabia, via Somalia and then Yemen, to find a better future for ourselves and our families,” said Aisha.
Tigist connected the young girls with a local smuggler who arranged their travel and sent them to a smuggler camp in Tog Wajaale, a border city between Somaliland and Ethiopia. The smuggler promised to guide them along the treacherous Eastern Migration Route, which runs from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and has long been one of the busiest migratory corridors on the continent.
“[The smuggler] told us that we would not pay anything until we reached Saudi Arabia. He said he would find a household where we could work as maids, to pay him back gradually,” recalled Aisha. “He promised he would find houses for both of us that would be close to each other so we wouldn’t be separated in Saudi Arabia.”
Young Ethiopian migrants walking on the main road between Garowe and Qardho, heading to Bossaso, Somalia. Photo: IOM/Said Fadhaye 2024
According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the number of children from Ethiopia travelling along the Eastern Route through Somalia is rising at an alarming rate. By June 2024, the number of children registered by IOM Somalia’s Migration Response Centres (MRCs) had doubled compared to the first half of the previous year. Many of these children leave home without any information about the journey ahead; most are completely unaware that they will have to cross a sea or pass through conflict zones to reach their intended destinations.
Amara and Aisha’s journey continued in Guumays, a village in the Sool region of Somalia. Here, another smuggler waited to take them out of the country as part of a bigger group of migrants, promising a semblance of safety for those who could pay the full amounts demanded for each person.
It wasn’t long before the girls learned of the nightmare they had stepped into.
Upon reaching the village of Guumays, the smugglers demanded a ransom of 30,000 Ethiopian birr (USD 520) from Amara and Aisha’s families, threatening them with torture and death if the money was not paid. Aisha’s family struggled to raise the money, and she was forced to endure a month-long stay in the smugglers’ camp, separated from Amara who was taken onward to Bossaso.
“Only after my father sold a cow, and sent the money for ransom, was I able to continue,” recalled Aisha.
Bossaso, on the northern coast of Somalia, is a key stop for migrants attempting to leave the Horn of Africa via the Red Sea. After reaching the city, Aisha regained hope, especially after reuniting with Amara – but the joy of reuniting was short-lived. The extortion did not stop as the smugglers demanded more money, subjecting the girls to physical abuse, starvation and constant threats until their families paid up.
Desperate and terrified, the girls escaped the smugglers in Bossaso and found refuge at the Bossaso MRC after learning about the centre from community members.
Run by IOM, the MRC in Bossaso is one of two such centres in Somalia that provide immediate, life-saving support to migrants in vulnerable situations like Amara and Aisha. This includes the provision of shelter, medical care and psychosocial counselling, as well as assisted voluntary return to migrants’ home countries.
Young migrants at a safe house where they were referred by the Bossaso MRC after enrolling for voluntary return support. Photo: IOM/Ismail Salad Osman 2024
So far this year, IOM Somalia had registered over 5,000 migrants at the MRC, marking an 85 per cent increase compared to the first half of the previous year. Among them, 1,782 were children – 35 per cent unaccompanied by either a parent or guardian. This represented a staggering 100 per cent increase in the number of children registered at the centre compared to the same period in 2023. These children, especially the girls, face heightened risks of abuse and exploitation by smugglers on their journeys along the Eastern Migration Route.
Like Amara and Aisha, the script is the same for many other children at the MRC – stranded in Somalia and lured by the promise of a better life across the Red Sea. Among them was 15-year-old Abdirizak* who shared his own harrowing story.
Abdirizak and his friend Ahmed* fell into the hands of traffickers in Las’anod, a city in northern Somalia that is grappling with conflict. The two boys were tortured, and Ahmed succumbed to his injuries.
“I had to bury my friend,” Abdirizak said, tears welling up in his eyes.
According to IOM’s Missing Migrants Project, at least 698 migrants went missing on the Eastern Migration Route in 2023; the actual number of fatalities is likely higher, as many tragedies go unreported. These missing migrants all embarked on the journey with the same hopes and dreams, but just like Ahmed, they either fell victim to smugglers, got caught in conflicts, or died at sea, never to be heard from again.
Migrants receive support from IOM to return to their home countries after registering with the IOM Migration Response Centres in Somalia. Photo: IOM/Ismail Salad Osman 2024
From the MRC, Abdirizak was taken to a safe house and provided with protection services, shelter, psychosocial support, medical assistance, and food as he waited along with many others to be assisted through IOM’s Assisted Voluntary Return programme. In 2024, IOM has supported the voluntary return of 148 migrants to their homes, of which 63 per cent were children.
By the end of June 2024, IOM had assisted 148 migrants, including Amara, Aisha, and Abdirizak, return to Ethiopia. The return programme, and IOM Somalia’s work in the MRCs, are funded by the US Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (PRM); the Government of France; and the Kingdom of Norway. They are coordinated with Puntland’s Ministry of the Interior, the Ethiopian Consulate in Somalia, and Puntland’s Ministry of Women and Family Development.
*Names have been changed to protect identities.
Written by Ismail Salad Osman.
Features
UN appoints new senior leadership for UNHCR
The United Nations has announced a new set of senior appointments to the leadership of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), with Secretary-General António Guterres naming Tressa Rae Finerty as Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees, Antón Leis García as Assistant High Commissioner for Operations, and Edem Wosornu as Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.
The appointments, announced on Saturday, are expected to take effect in the coming weeks.
The three officials will occupy the most senior positions within UNHCR, supporting the High Commissioner in leading the agency’s global response to the protection and assistance of refugees, stateless persons and other people forced to flee their homes.
Welcoming the appointments, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Barham Salih expressed confidence that the incoming officials would strengthen the agency’s response to the growing global displacement crisis.
“I warmly welcome these appointments and look forward to working closely with Tressa, Anton and Edem,” Salih said.
“Their leadership, experience and commitment will be invaluable as UNHCR responds to displacement challenges around the world. Together, we will work to continue strengthening protection, expanding opportunities for self-reliance and pursuing lasting solutions that help refugees rebuild their lives with dignity.”
Finerty, a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, currently serves as Chargé d’Affaires at the United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. She previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Geneva and Deputy Executive Secretary in the Office of the U.S. Secretary of State. Her diplomatic career has also included postings at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations in New York and embassies in Malaysia, Iraq, Armenia and Thailand. In addition, she has taught refugee policy at New York University and Georgetown University.
Leis García currently heads the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), Spain’s development and humanitarian agency. He has previously held senior positions at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Office of the President of the Spanish Government, and international financial institutions including the African Development Bank and the World Bank Group.
Wosornu currently serves as Director of the Crisis Response Division at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Emergency Directors Group. She has held several senior headquarters and field positions within OCHA and began her United Nations career as an intern at UNHCR before working in the private legal sector in the United Kingdom.
The newly appointed officials will replace Kelly T. Clements, Deputy High Commissioner; Raouf Mazou, Assistant High Commissioner for Operations; and Ruvendrini Menikdiwela, Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, whose terms are coming to an end.
Paying tribute to the outgoing leaders, Salih praised their contributions to the agency’s humanitarian mission.
“The organization owes a profound debt of gratitude to Kelly, Raouf and Ruven for their exceptional service and dedication,” he said. “Their leadership has strengthened UNHCR’s ability to protect and assist millions of displaced and stateless people around the world.”
Features
Sixth batch of Nigerians stranded in South Africa return home
The final batch of 40 stranded Nigerians evacuated from South Africa has arrived at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) in Lagos, bringing to a close the Federal Government’s evacuation exercise that returned a total of 1,174 citizens.
The returnees landed on Friday night aboard a chartered Air Peace flight, marking the sixth and final phase of the evacuation programme.
In a statement issued on Saturday, the Director of Media, Public Relations and Protocols of the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NiDCOM), Abdur-Rahman Balogun, said the exercise was carried out through six flights operated by Air Peace and ValueJet.
According to the commission, the first five batches brought home 258, 266, 262, 282 and 66 Nigerians, while the final chartered Air Peace flight evacuated the remaining 40 stranded citizens.
Balogun said the returnees expressed appreciation to President Bola Tinubu for approving the evacuation from South Africa. They also thanked the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu, the Acting Nigerian Ambassador to South Africa, Temitope Alexander-Ajayi, and NiDCOM Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Abike Dabiri-Erewa, for facilitating their safe return.
The evacuees were received at the airport by NiDCOM officials, who also announced a series of support packages from government agencies, corporate organisations and individuals.
According to the statement, Governor Hope Uzodimma of Imo State approved a grant of N1 million for each returnee from the state. Telecommunications company MTN also donated free SIM packs with N50,000 worth of data and pledged to credit each returnee’s bank account with N100,000.
Officials from the Edo and Delta State governments similarly announced assistance for their indigenes among the evacuees.
The commission added that the JAAL Foundation pledged empowerment support for 50 female returnees, while the General Overseer of Omega Power Ministries Worldwide, Apostle Dr Chibuzor Gift Chinwe, was commended for providing free accommodation for about 52 returnees, skills acquisition opportunities for their families and free education for their children up to university level.
The returnees also acknowledged Pastor Bolaji Idowu of Harvesters Church for donating N100,000 each to 66 evacuees, while real estate firm Cruxstone provided financial support to the first batch of returnees.
Balogun said officials of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), the Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS), the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) and other security agencies were present at the airport to receive and document the returnees.
“The returnees were full of gratitude for the donations, support and warm welcome received,” the statement said.
Features
EU Pact offers hope for better migration management and fairer asylum systems- IOM, UNHCR
The UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, and the UN Migration Agency, IOM have welcomed the entry into force today of the European Union’s Pact on Migration and Asylum as an opportunity to move beyond crisis-driven responses and implement a more predictable, fair and effective approach to the issues across Europe.
EU Member States should seize this moment to strengthen migration management and refugee protection while advancing solidarity and responsibility-sharing in line with European values and international obligations, the agencies’ chiefs said.
“The Pact’s entry into full effect today is an important step toward a more predictable and coherent European migration system. What matters now is steady implementation over time that is effective, humane, sustainably resourced and grounded in cooperation,” said Amy Pope, Director General of the International Organization for Migration. “The priority is turning the reforms into practical results for States, communities, and people on the move.”
The Pact aims to make EU asylum systems more efficient and consistent, offering a structured framework for Member State cooperation. This can reduce backlogs while maintaining the quality of assessments, provide greater certainty for asylum-seekers, and enable refugees to begin rebuilding their lives and contributing to their communities sooner.
“This Pact is an important step in the right direction, advancing shared responsibility and more predictable, sustainable approaches across the European Union,” said Barham Salih, UN High Commissioner for Refugees. “UNHCR stands ready to support all Member States in strengthening asylum systems – ensuring access to protection for those in need, upholding human rights and dignity, and enabling safe, lawful and dignified returns for those not in need of international protection.”
IOM and UNHCR welcome the EU’s renewed focus on partnerships with all affected countries. Reducing irregular movements means addressing root causes, ensuring access to protection, tackling smuggling networks, and enabling safe, regular pathways. The organizations will continue to support route-based approaches that ensure policies deliver on protection, dignity and shared responsibility, while contributing to sustainable solutions that benefit both countries and communities along migration routes.
UNHCR and IOM welcome several key elements of the Pact, including earlier identification of people with specific needs, strengthened legal assistance, and new independent monitoring mechanisms at external borders. Returns of those with no legal right to stay must be both effective and humane. Alongside enforcement, they should ensure access to informed voluntary return, early case management, and reintegration support, working with countries of origin, transit and first asylum as part of a balanced approach that upholds dignity and fundamental rights.
These measures can help ensure that asylum processing and return procedures are faster and fairer, reducing uncertainty for asylum-seekers while strengthening public confidence in the migration and asylum system.
UNHCR and IOM stress that implementation will be the decisive test. Procedures must be carried out with adequate safeguards to ensure that no one is returned or transferred to a situation where they may face persecution, conflict or other forms of serious harm.
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