Interviews
My experience as humanitarian worker in Serbia, Bosnia, South Sudan, others- Elizabeth Pennington
Elizabeth Pennington is a Programmes and Communications Specialist from England with a particular focus on refugee, displaced and marginalised populations. She is a specialist in sexual gender based violence in emergencies and holds a Masters degree in International Development from the University of East Anglia (U.K). She has worked across Bosnia, Serbia, Morocco and Uganda before being based in South Sudan. Elizabeth is a Global Youth Ambassador for TheirWorld.
She speaks Spanish, intermediate French and KiSwahili and desires to work further within conflict and displacement contexts. In this interview with voiceforafricanmigrants.org, she shares her amazing experience as a humanitarian worker. Excerpts:
1. What motivated you to engage in humanitarian work?
I started working in the humanitarian sector in 2017 in Serbia; when I began working with refugee and displaced populations on a voluntary basis with a Paris-based grassroots NGO that was conducting art therapy workshops for refugee children and their families to share their stories and experiences – in their own way. It really impacted me in such a deep way – I was 20 years old at the time. From there I went to Bosnia, Morocco and more recently Uganda with the same organisation, in both a communications and later a gender violence specialist capacity. Over those few years, I’d met mothers who had seen their children murdered by Islamic State in Syria, children who’d seen their parents murdered, met fathers who begged my team and I for baby formula which couldn’t be given for three days because it had to be rationed…. All these early experiences really shaped and informed the work I wanted to do, and continue to do now through my work in South Sudan. My biggest life lessons have come from the people I’ve met often in displacement settings; those who have lost everything and yet are simply for grateful for life. You’re never the same after those kinds of experiences. It gives my life a whole new meaning.
2.How is life in South Sudan and how long have you been there?
Life in South Sudan is great; it’s certainly different from what I imagined my life would be at 26 years old but I wouldn’t have it any other way at the moment. I knew I wanted a change and wanted to push myself. I connected with this national NGO here and expressed my interest in working with them, and a conversation turned into a job offer. I’ve only been in South Sudan for about six weeks currently so not long at all. It’s certainly not something I would advise to every young person wishing to start a humanitarian career. Most people come to South Sudan much later in their career – But the people of South Sudan are so warm, so kind and hospitable; It’s really been a beautiful thing to experience and to learn from the people here.
3. Conflict areas are usually unsafe. Why would you leave a safe environment for one that is not so safe?
The important thing to note here is that South Sudan gained it’s independence from Sudan in 2011. It’s the newest country in the world. In 2013 the country descended into a brutal civil war lasting around 5 years. There are still areas of conflict and fragility absolutely; post-conflict nations remain fragile and it’s important to be very aware of how situations can change very quickly. I think I have always tried to not let fear stop me from doing something. I think that by virtue of being a humanitarian worker and committing a proportion of my life to being a humanitarian; there’s a understanding that I’d work in fragile contexts because that’s where my passion is…. South Sudan is a beautiful country. It’s people are incredibly resilient and strong. It’s humbling and important to recognise this country’s past but also equally as important I think to help shape it’s narrative to a wider audience who maybe don’t know about the country.
4. Tell us about the activities of Wart South Sudan and your role in the organisation.
So Women Agency for Resilience and Transformation (WART – South Sudan) works across five thematic areas: Protection (GBV / child protection), Food Security and Livelihoods, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Health/Nutrition and Education. I am the organisations Programmes and Communications Specialist, with a focus in our protection programmes within GBV because that’s my academic background within my Masters degree where I studied International Development; focusing on Education in Emergencies and Conflict Related Sexual Violence.
5.What has been your experience working in South Sudan so far?
Different from what I expected, but in the best way. Unfortunately within the media, particularly where I grew up in England – and Europe in general I feel, there is a very stereotyped view of countries within Africa. You tend to only hear the negative…. So my view of South Sudan was tainted by that violent conflict backdrop. The war in the country of Sudan had begun only a couple of months before and so on the media it was news reports from Sudan. I had a lot of family and friends worrying because I was, in their view, going to Sudan – without yet realising South Sudan’s independence. So that’s been interesting and an education. I love working in South Sudan. I feel my purpose is in such sharp focus here in way it hasn’t been for years. Everything is contextualised here; from within university for example. It’s seeing change in-country in real time, and that’s very powerful and it’s wonderful to know that my friends and family are also learning as well. It’s been good to have reflected perhaps a different narrative to what we might have read or seen in the news media.
6. What is the state of humanitarian crisis in the country as I read somewhere that many aid workers have been killed?
The humanitarian landscape is certainly complex. 40 aid workers have lost their lives in South Sudan this year. According to the United Nations, it’s the most dangerous country to be an aid worker currently. However, it is also relative to where you are located in the country. Here in the capital city Juba, where I’m based most of the time, it’s stable – though there are armed groups and inter-community fighting and clashes elsewhere which has meant our teams in-country have had to take additional safety precautions. It’s a continual review process. As I mentioned before, being a humanitarian worker, we are motivated to support those living within fragile and complex contexts because they are the people often in most need of assistance. Without humanitarian organisations operating or being allowed to operate within such areas, then these people would suffer even greater than they already are.
7. Are there sufficient relief materials for the people?
Unfortunately, South Sudan, like so many protracted contexts around the world is under-funded. The war in Ukraine for perspective is the only fully-funded humanitarian emergency in the world. Crises within Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and beyond have remained under-resources for years. With conflict, the price of fuel goes up meaning we as an organisation and many others have to spend more money to reach our beneficiaries – who are often in remote and hard to access areas.
8. How about the challenge of displacement? What percentage of the population is displaced?
Currently there’s around 2.3 million people who are internally displaced within South Sudan; often to conflict, but also climate change. In Unity State which is the north of the country, flood waters have failed to recede for over four years which has caused even more displacement and humanitarian suffering. Now with the war in Sudan, further 275,000 refugees and returnees have arrived which has only stretched humanitarian resources and funding even thinner” ; so the humanitarian challenges within South Sudan are immense.
9. What is the fate of women and children?
Within any protracted emergency context, women and girls are deeply impacted and South Sudan is not immune to this. The challenges for women and girls are great in number; however, it’s also deeply linked within cultural context. Violence against women and girls is unfortunately exacerbated within emergencies, often due to increased gender inequality and unequal ideas of societal gender norms. That being said; the women and girls I’ve met here in South Sudan and globally, there are the most resilient and compassionate individuals. 1 in 3 women statistically will experience a form of gender violence in their lifetime. And yet; they are survivors. Survivors of SGBV and violence more broadly, they are the ones who know what they need the most. It’s about giving women and girls the platform to share their voices loudly; boldly and with freedom; in knowing the power of their voice and their experience matters.
10. You engage men and boys in GBV prevention programming. How successful has this been?
We do. At Women Agency for Resilience and Transformation (WART); our GBV Prevention programme has two components. The first is our IMPOWER training which trains women and girls in the verbal and physical skills to protect themselves from sexual violence. The second element is for the boys and men and this is known as Y-MOT which stands for Your Moment of Truth which emphasises on building one’s courage and the importance of positive bystander intervention. A change a mindset. The results I’ve received from my team have been really impactful and so inspiring: it’s wonderful to be a part of an organisation that recognises the import role boys and men within society have in preventing sexual gender based violence towards women and girls. Very few organisations I’ve seen are actively working in very proactive and engaged way to end SGBV. It’s not an overnight change by any means but knowing I’m playing an part is deeply humbling and inspiring.
11. How does climate crisis affect the people and the communities?
As we’ve seen over the past five years or so, climate shocks have only been increasing in frequency and volatility. Increasing temperatures have caused drought in areas which is further lead to famine. In other instances as I mentioned, extreme rainfall and flooding have submerged towns and villages in South Sudan for the past four years in some areas. This means that people cannot cultivate their land, their crops and animals die. This has increased the risks to children also, when families are under strain this can lead to more early and forced marriages, as culturally this can be a way of being seen to provide financial stability to their families. The risks here from climate change is immense and immediate.
12. How has the crisis in Sudan affected humanitarian situation in South Sudan?
The conflict in Sudan has increased the pressure on bordering countries. There was already dire humanitarian need for the South Sudanese population before this crisis started – now it’s only compounded these needs. From my work in Uganda previously, the openness of many African countries in terms of having an open border policy is wonderful. This is certainly not the case in Europe. I believe it’s about finding longer term solutions to supporting refugee and displaced populations, how countries and governments can work together to stabilise conflict-affected countries; the vast majority of displaced people I’ve met over the past five years working in this sector in emergencies, they want to return home. They don’t want to be refugees or be displaced. So if anything, this crisis also teaches me to simply be grateful because you never know when a situation might change life as we know it. We in Europe certainly realised this with Ukraine.
13. After South Sudan, where next would your humanitarian engagement take you to?
I don’t know yet. I’m in South Sudan for a minimum of a year so I can’t say at the moment where I’ll be working after South Sudan. I just hope that I can continue to work within this sector, particularly within a SGBV and protection capacity. I’m always very curious to explore opportunities and I have many wonderful friends here, many of whom are also in the sector and are very experienced humanitarians so it’s drawing from them a lot – but I don’t yet have a grand plan for my career.
14.Humanitarian support is said to be declining.If this stops from international donors, what would be the fate of people in conflict areas.
I think the short answer is that many would suffer. But I also believe very strongly that it’s up to the international organisations to work in a more national/localised partnership; to support the capacity building of individuals – to build up their economic growth and empowerment. It’s about building sustainable solutions within agriculture in livelihood programming to enable communities to be more self-sufficient; to engage national organisations within peace building because they are ones, the citizens who are going to lead the country after the international organisations have left and the funding has gone.
Interviews
La déportation traumatisante d’Abdulai Daramy soulève des inquiétudes concernant l’accord avec les États-Unis
L’expérience traumatisante de déportation vécue par Abdulai Daramy, un Sierra-Léonais expulsé de force d’Allemagne en 2011, a ravivé les inquiétudes autour de l’accord présumé entre la Sierra Leone et les États-Unis visant à accueillir des ressortissants de pays tiers expulsés du territoire américain.
Daramy affirme que son expérience d’expulsion forcée lui a laissé des séquelles physiques et psychologiques qui ont persisté bien longtemps après l’atterrissage de l’avion de déportation en Sierra Leone.
Selon le récit de son expérience, Daramy s’est fracturé la main lors de son transfert d’un centre de détention vers un vol de déportation en Allemagne.
Mais pour lui, cette blessure physique n’était que le début d’une épreuve bien plus profonde.
À son retour en Sierra Leone, Daramy a rencontré d’autres personnes expulsées qui tentaient de reconstruire leur vie après leur renvoi forcé. Beaucoup d’entre elles, a-t-il constaté, étaient confrontées au rejet de leur famille et de leur communauté, au chômage, à la pauvreté, aux traumatismes psychologiques ainsi qu’à des difficultés d’accès aux soins de santé et à d’autres formes de soutien essentiel.
« Je ne veux que personne d’autre ne vive ce que j’ai vécu », a déclaré Daramy.
Son expérience personnelle allait plus tard inspirer des initiatives visant à soutenir les personnes expulsées à travers le Réseau des anciens demandeurs d’asile de Sierra Leone (Network of Ex-Asylum Seekers Sierra Leone), une organisation créée par d’anciens expulsés pour venir en aide aux personnes confrontées aux conséquences de la détention, de l’expulsion forcée et d’une difficile réintégration.
L’histoire de Daramy a pris une importance particulière dans le contexte des informations selon lesquelles la Sierra Leone pourrait accueillir des ressortissants de pays tiers expulsés des États-Unis dans le cadre d’un arrangement conclu entre les deux pays.
Selon plusieurs informations, un premier groupe de personnes expulsées serait déjà arrivé en Sierra Leone, comprenant notamment des ressortissants du Ghana, du Sénégal, de la Guinée et du Nigeria.
Alors que le gouvernement sierra-léonais aurait défendu cet arrangement comme s’inscrivant dans le cadre de ses relations diplomatiques avec Washington, l’expérience de Daramy soulève une question fondamentale : que devient une personne expulsée après son arrivée ?
Pour Daramy et de nombreux autres anciens expulsés, le voyage ne s’arrête pas lorsque l’avion touche le sol.
Au contraire, la déportation peut marquer le début d’une autre lutte difficile : trouver un logement, obtenir un emploi, surmonter la stigmatisation sociale, renouer avec sa famille et sa communauté et faire face aux conséquences psychologiques de la détention et de l’expulsion forcée.
Au fil des années, le Réseau des anciens demandeurs d’asile de Sierra Leone a appelé à l’adoption de politiques gouvernementales plus solides pour soutenir la réintégration des personnes expulsées, notamment par une assistance sociale et un soutien en matière de santé mentale.
L’arrangement présumé avec les États-Unis a toutefois suscité de nouvelles inquiétudes quant à la capacité de la Sierra Leone à fournir un soutien, une protection et des services de réintégration adéquats, non seulement à ses propres citoyens de retour au pays, mais également aux ressortissants étrangers envoyés dans le pays.
Ces préoccupations sont particulièrement importantes au regard des informations selon lesquelles certaines des personnes expulsées seraient originaires d’autres pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest.
Des observateurs des droits humains et des détracteurs de cet arrangement ont également appelé à une plus grande transparence, notamment à des clarifications sur le statut juridique des personnes déportées en Sierra Leone, les procédures utilisées pour les contrôler et les garanties mises en place pour protéger leurs droits.
Des questions ont également été soulevées sur le sort des personnes expulsées qui ne pourraient pas ou ne souhaiteraient pas retourner dans leur pays d’origine après l’expiration de tout accord de résidence temporaire qui leur aurait été accordé.
Daramy a reconnu ce qu’il décrit comme une réalité politique : les organisations de la société civile sierra-léonaise et les communautés concernées pourraient avoir un pouvoir limité pour empêcher des politiques de déportation décidées par des gouvernements plus puissants.
Il estime toutefois que le processus peut encore être rendu plus humain.
Au cœur de ses préoccupations figure la nécessité d’associer les anciens expulsés et les organisations ayant une expérience directe des retours forcés à l’élaboration des politiques qui affectent directement la vie des personnes déportées.
L’expérience de Daramy, ainsi que celle d’autres anciens demandeurs d’asile, illustre la manière dont les conséquences de la déportation peuvent aller bien au-delà de l’application des lois sur l’immigration et du contrôle des frontières.
Pour de nombreuses personnes de retour, la partie la plus difficile de l’épreuve commence après la déportation.
Alors que la Sierra Leone fait face à une controverse croissante autour du présumé accord de déportation avec les États-Unis, l’histoire de Daramy devrait renforcer les appels en faveur d’une plus grande transparence, de garanties juridiques solides et d’un soutien concret aux personnes envoyées dans le pays.
Pour les anciens expulsés, la question centrale n’est donc pas simplement de savoir si la Sierra Leone doit accueillir des personnes déportées d’autres pays.
La véritable question est de savoir ce qu’elles deviennent après que l’avion a atterri.
Interviews
Abdulai Daramy’s traumatic deportation raises concerns over US deal
The traumatic deportation experience of Abdulai Daramy, a Sierra Leonean who was forcibly removed from Germany in 2011, has brought renewed attention to concerns surrounding Sierra Leone’s reported agreement to receive third-country deportees from the United States.
Daramy said his experience of forced removal left him with physical and psychological scars that continued long after the deportation flight landed in Sierra Leone.
According to an account of his experience, Daramy suffered a broken hand during his transfer from a detention facility to a deportation flight in Germany.
But for him, the physical injury was only the beginning of a much deeper ordeal.
On his return to Sierra Leone, Daramy encountered other deportees struggling to rebuild their lives after forced removal. Many, he found, were confronted with rejection by families and communities, unemployment, poverty, psychological trauma and difficulties accessing healthcare and other basic support.
“I don’t want anyone else to experience what I experienced,” Daramy said.
His personal experience would later inspire efforts to support deportees through the Network of Ex-Asylum Seekers Sierra Leone, an organisation established by former deportees to assist people grappling with the consequences of detention, forced removal and difficult reintegration.
Daramy’s story has become particularly significant amid reports that Sierra Leone may receive third-country nationals deported from the United States under an arrangement between the two countries.
Reports indicate that an initial group of deportees has already arrived in Sierra Leone, including nationals of Ghana, Senegal, Guinea and Nigeria.
While the Sierra Leone Government has reportedly defended the arrangement as part of its diplomatic relationship with Washington, the experience of Daramy has raised a fundamental question: what happens to deportees after they arrive?
For Daramy and many other former deportees, the journey does not end when the aircraft touches down.
Instead, deportation can mark the beginning of another difficult struggle — finding accommodation, securing employment, overcoming social stigma, reconnecting with family and community, and coping with the psychological consequences of detention and forced removal.
Over the years, the Network of Ex-Asylum Seekers Sierra Leone has called for stronger government policies to support the reintegration of deportees, including welfare assistance and mental health support.
The reported US arrangement has, however, generated fresh concerns over whether Sierra Leone has the capacity to provide adequate support, protection and reintegration services not only for its own returning citizens but also for foreign nationals sent to the country.
The concerns are particularly significant following reports that some of the deportees are nationals of other West African countries.
Human rights observers and critics have also called for greater transparency over the arrangement, including clarification on the legal status of those deported to Sierra Leone, the procedures used to screen them and the safeguards available to protect their rights.
Questions have also been raised about what would happen to deportees who are unable or unwilling to return to their countries of origin after the expiration of any temporary residency arrangements.
Daramy acknowledged what he described as the political reality that Sierra Leonean civil society organisations and affected communities may have limited power to stop deportation policies agreed upon by more powerful governments.
However, he believes the process can still be made more humane.
Central to his concern is the need for former deportees and organisations with first-hand experience of forced returns to be involved in shaping policies that directly affect the lives of deportees.
Daramy’s experience, and those of other former asylum seekers, illustrates how the consequences of deportation can extend far beyond immigration enforcement and border control.
For many returnees, the most difficult part of the experience begins after deportation.
As Sierra Leone navigates growing controversy over the reported US deportation arrangement, Daramy’s story is expected to strengthen calls for greater transparency, legal safeguards and meaningful support for those sent to the country.
For former deportees, the central question is not simply whether Sierra Leone should receive deportees from other countries.
It is what becomes of them after the aircraft lands.I can also make it more investigative and hard-hitting, with a stronger focus on Daramy’s personal trauma as the opening angle.
Interviews
Oluwagbolahan Oluwatobi : à la croisée du conseil en matière de visas, de la migration et de l’impact social
La migration ne se résume pas au fait de se déplacer d’un pays à un autre. Derrière chaque demande de visa se trouve une personne porteuse d’un rêve, une famille nourrissant des attentes, un étudiant à la recherche d’opportunités ou un professionnel qui aspire à un avenir meilleur.
Pour Oluwagbolahan Oluwatobi, cette compréhension a façonné son travail dans les domaines du conseil en matière de visas, du voyage, de la sensibilisation aux questions migratoires et du développement communautaire.
En tant que conseiller en visas et voyages chez Suit-U Travels and Tours, Oluwagbolahan accompagne les demandeurs confrontés à la complexité des voyages internationaux et des procédures de demande de visa. Son travail va au-delà de la simple préparation des documents. Il estime que les demandeurs ont besoin d’informations précises, d’un accompagnement adéquat et d’une compréhension claire des exigences et des procédures à suivre.
Comprendre le demandeur
Pour Oluwagbolahan, une demande de visa ne se résume pas à des formalités administratives. Chaque demandeur a une raison précise de vouloir voyager.
Certains recherchent des opportunités d’études, tandis que d’autres voyagent pour affaires, pour le tourisme, pour rendre visite à leur famille ou pour poursuivre leur développement professionnel. Comprendre les motivations du demandeur constitue donc un élément essentiel d’un accompagnement responsable.
Il estime qu’un bon conseiller doit fournir des orientations honnêtes plutôt que de faire des promesses irréalistes. Les demandeurs doivent comprendre leurs responsabilités, fournir des informations véridiques et éviter les raccourcis susceptibles de compromettre leur demande ou leurs futures possibilités de voyager.
Se tenir au fait des politiques migratoires
Les politiques d’immigration évoluent constamment. Les pays mettent en place de nouvelles voies d’obtention de visas, réexaminent les critères d’éligibilité et ajustent leurs systèmes migratoires.

Ces changements ont une incidence directe sur les demandeurs.
Oluwagbolahan estime donc que les professionnels du secteur des visas et de la migration doivent continuer à se former et à rester informés des évolutions politiques et réglementaires. Les demandeurs ont également la responsabilité de vérifier les informations et de rechercher des conseils fiables avant de prendre d’importantes décisions liées à la migration.
Son approche repose sur l’information, la transparence et une prise de décision responsable.
La migration au-delà du voyage
L’engagement d’Oluwagbolahan dans le domaine de la migration dépasse son activité professionnelle.
Il est également directeur de Giving Is Healing Foundation, une organisation à but non lucratif axée sur l’autonomisation par l’éducation, le bien-être communautaire et la protection des migrants.
À travers cette fondation, la migration est abordée dans une perspective sociale plus large. Si la migration peut créer des opportunités, les personnes peuvent également devenir vulnérables lorsqu’elles ne disposent pas d’informations précises ou qu’elles ont recours à des voies migratoires dangereuses.
La protection des migrants constitue donc un volet important du travail de la fondation, notamment à travers la sensibilisation, l’engagement communautaire et les initiatives visant à encourager des choix plus sûrs et mieux informés.
Deux fonctions, un même objectif
Son travail au sein de Suit-U Travels and Tours et de Giving Is Healing Foundation lui offre deux perspectives différentes mais complémentaires.
L’une consiste à aider les individus à naviguer dans les procédures de voyage et de demande de visa, tandis que l’autre aborde la migration sous l’angle de la protection, de l’éducation et du bien-être communautaire.
Ensemble, ces deux expériences ont renforcé sa conviction que le débat sur la migration ne devrait pas se limiter à la question de savoir si une personne peut voyager. Il devrait également prendre en compte les raisons qui la poussent à migrer, la mesure dans laquelle elle est correctement informée et la manière dont elle peut prendre des décisions sûres et responsables.
Se préparer au changement
La technologie, les événements mondiaux et l’évolution des politiques d’immigration continuent de transformer les secteurs du voyage et de la migration.
Pour Oluwagbolahan, il est essentiel de s’adapter à ces changements. Il considère que l’apprentissage continu, la connaissance des politiques migratoires et une communication responsable sont des qualités importantes pour les professionnels qui travaillent avec les migrants et les demandeurs de visa.
Son objectif n’est pas simplement d’aider les personnes à déposer leurs demandes. Il est de les aider à comprendre leurs options et à prendre des décisions éclairées.
À travers ses activités professionnelles et son engagement dans le secteur associatif, Oluwagbolahan Oluwatobi continue de contribuer aux discussions sur le conseil en matière de visas, la sensibilisation aux questions migratoires, l’évolution des politiques et l’impact social.
Sa philosophie est simple : la migration doit être abordée avec des informations précises, une préparation adéquate, un sens des responsabilités et dans le respect de la dignité humaine.
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