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Reject unworkable migration deal with Albania- AI tells Italy

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Amnesty International says Italy’s lawmakers must reject an agreement to detain people rescued at sea by Italian ships in Albania, as the Italian Parliament begins its debate on ratifying the deal today.

The scheme to build migrant detention centres in Albania is part of a broader international trend to move border control and asylum processing to third countries: a move that threatens the human rights of migrants and refugees and could lead to greater suffering.

“By externalizing asylum processing and detention outside national borders, this agreement represents yet another shameful attempt by Italy to circumvent international and EU law, with possible severe consequences for people seeking asylum,” said Matteo de Bellis, Migration and Asylum Researcher at Amnesty International. 

“This unworkable, harmful and unlawful proposal would see people in distress subjected to long and unnecessary transfers by sea and ending up in automatic and potentially prolonged detention, in violation of international law.” 

Rather than ratifying this harmful agreement, Italian MPs should instead support measures to ensure adequate reception in Italy, access to an effective asylum procedure, and safe, regular access routes.

Matteo de Bellis, Amnesty International
In a new, extensive analysis, Amnesty International sets out its concerns about the likely negative human rights impacts of the Italy-Albania agreement.

With hundreds of miles between the central Mediterranean, where most crossings and shipwrecks occur, and Albania, the agreement patently breaches Italy’s obligation to disembark people rescued at sea as promptly as possible following their rescue. It may also weaken the wider search and rescue system, which would likely jeopardize the safety of people in need of rescue at sea.

The protocol envisages for Italy to maintain jurisdiction in the centres in Albania, unlike externalization attempts by other European countries, such as the UK-Rwanda Bill. While the application of Italian jurisdiction appears to promise access to procedural guarantees and asylum rights in accordance with Italian and EU law, in reality access to such guarantees could be severely hampered.

All individuals brought to the centres in Albania, including asylum seekers, would be automatically detained. Automatic detention is inherently arbitrary and therefore illegal. Combined with recent changes to Italian law, the agreement could lead to people being detained continuously for more than 18 months. Furthermore, accessing legal aid and legal representation to challenge in Italy the legality of one’s detention from Albania would inevitably be very difficult, adding to the risk of arbitrary detention.

The agreement also risks undermining the system for the identification and protection of children, pregnant women, survivors of trafficking and torture and other groups of individuals in need of specific care. The agreement does not make clear how assessments to determine an individual’s vulnerability will be conducted or how minors and other vulnerable groups, who cannot be detained, will be protected. 

“Children, pregnant women and survivors of trafficking and torture have to endure long and unnecessary transfers by sea and, due to shortcomings in screening procedures, they may be exposed to further harm. People disembarked in Albania will be arbitrarily detained and will also face serious challenges in accessing asylum and effective remedies for human rights violations,” said Matteo de Bellis. 

“Rather than ratifying this harmful agreement, Italian MPs should instead support measures to ensure adequate reception in Italy, access to an effective asylum procedure, and safe, regular access routes, particularly for people seeking international protection.”

Background

On 6 November 2023, the Italian government signed an agreement with Albania for the construction of two centres on Albanian territory to detain people rescued or intercepted at sea by Italian state ships. The agreement aims for the extraterritorial treatment of asylum requests and for the extraterritorial detention of people to be forcibly repatriated, with the declared goal of deterring sea crossings. 

In Albania, the ratification of the protocol has been temporarily suspended while the Constitutional Court reviews the legality of the procedure followed for its conclusion. 

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Migrant advocate laments death of asylum seeker, condemns Libya abuses

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The Executive Director of Refugees in Libya, David Yambio, has mourned the death of a migrant whose body was recovered off the coast of Benghazi after reportedly being stranded at sea for 14 days, describing the incident as a stark reminder of the dangers faced by people fleeing conflict and persecution.

In a post on X, Yambio reflected on his own experience in Libya, saying that while detained in the North African country, he had often hoped that, if he were to die, it would be at sea rather than at the hands of violent militias.

According to him, the sea represented the only place where many migrants retained a sense of dignity, as they risked everything in pursuit of safety and international protection.

Yambio questioned what he described as a deeper humanitarian tragedy, arguing that many people seeking refuge would rather face the dangers of the Mediterranean than remain exposed to violence by armed groups in Libya.

He also criticised what he called Europe’s role in arming militias and accused African leaders of remaining silent in the face of abuses against migrants.

The activist said the photograph accompanying his post showed one of several people seeking protection who had been stranded at sea for two weeks. He noted that the man’s body, along with those of two others, was recovered off the coast of Benghazi a few days ago.

Ending his post on a poignant note, Yambio said the deceased asylum seeker had been portrayed as an “invader,” underscoring what he believes is the dehumanisation of migrants fleeing in search of safety.

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50 die as boat carrying about 60 people capsizes

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At least 50 migrants are feared dead or missing after a boat carrying about 60 people capsized off the eastern coast of Libya while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Europe, authorities have said.

The vessel overturned on Tuesday near Bardaa Island, off the coastal city of Tobruk, according to the Coast Guard in eastern Libya.

Officials said 10 passengers, including some women and children, survived by swimming to Bardaa Island. Search and rescue operations were still ongoing as authorities continued efforts to locate the remaining passengers.

The latest disaster is another in a series of deadly shipwrecks involving migrants departing from Libya, a major transit hub for people seeking to reach Europe in search of safety and better economic opportunities.

Just last month, another migrant boat sank off eastern Libya, leaving 51 people dead or missing.

Since the 2011 NATO-backed uprising that overthrew longtime ruler Moammar Gadhafi, Libya has remained politically unstable, making it a key departure point for migrants fleeing conflict, persecution and poverty across Africa and the Middle East.

Human traffickers frequently load migrants onto overcrowded and unseaworthy boats for the dangerous Mediterranean crossing, a route that has claimed thousands of lives over the years and remains one of the world’s deadliest migration corridors.

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‘Eight  people die in the Mediterranean per day’

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Sea-Watch International has announced that its rescue vessel, Sea-Watch 5, has returned to operations in the central Mediterranean after what it described as an attack by Libyan militias in May, saying it has already rescued 52 people in two separate operations.

In a post published on its verified X account, @seawatch_intl, the humanitarian organisation said 40 people were rescued on the first day of operations, followed by another 12 the next day. It added that one of the survivors, a pregnant woman, requires urgent medical care.

Sea-Watch also claimed that an average of eight people die every day while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea, renewing its criticism of European migration policies and rescue coordination.

The organisation accused the Italian government of assigning its rescue vessel to the northern port of Marina di Carrara, which it said is more than four days away from the rescue zone. According to Sea-Watch, the practice keeps humanitarian rescue ships away from areas where migrants are most at risk.

“To ensure that as few rescue ships as possible are in the rescue area, Italy sends us to the northern port Marina di Carrara, 4+ days away,” the group wrote, describing the decision as “cruel and irresponsible.”

Sea-Watch argued that the lengthy journey delays the disembarkation of rescued migrants and reduces the number of rescue vessels available to respond to emergencies at sea.

The organisation also directly criticised Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni over the country’s migration policies, questioning the government’s approach to search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean.

Italian authorities have previously defended the assignment of distant ports to humanitarian vessels, saying the measure is part of efforts to manage migrant arrivals and coordinate disembarkation procedures.

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