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Afghans facing deportation in Pakistan seek legal help

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Afghans prepare to leave Karachi after Pakistan announced a deportation planImage: Sabir Mazhar/AA/picture alliance
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As Pakistan’s deportation deadline for undocumented migrants nears, Afghans who have lived there for decades are looking for avenues toward the right to remain in the country, a report by DW said.

Deen Muhammad was born in Pakistan several years after his parents fled Afghanistan in 1982 and settled in a village near Islamabad.

However, the 32-year-old Pashtun street vendor now fears deportation after Pakistan’s caretaker government in early October announced that Afghan nationals living in Pakistan without legal documentation had a November 1 deadline to leave voluntarily.

“My roots may be in Afghanistan, but in reality, I’m a son of this soil [Pakistan],” he told DW. “My wife and my four children are also Pakistanis by birth, and we’ve documents to prove that,” he added.

Muhammad said he contacted a lawyer to petition a high court to be legally recognized as Pakistani.

Since the Pakistani government announced the deportation measure, Muhammad said his wife and children are so afraid of being arrested, that they avoid leaving the house.

Shireen Gula fled Afghanistan’s Helmand Province with her family after Russia invaded the country in 1979. They have lived in Pakistan’s northwestern Balochistan province ever since, working in orchards, and as housekeepers for farmers.

Although they have lived for decades in Pakistan, they too now fear deportation.

“We never felt the need for residency documentation. Our life is limited to the area and we were never bothered by law-enforcement agencies,” she told DW.

“But now, we’re really worried as Pakistani authorities look committed to repatriating undocumented foreigners,” she added.

The middle-aged Pashtun mother of six children, all born in Pakistan, said her family has no property in Afghanistan to return to. She complained about a lack of information about legal matters, especially their rights as refugees.

The government has accused Afghan nationals of being complicit in a series of militant attacks in Pakistan.

Civil society activist Bashir Hussain Shah told DW that Afghan refugees have become victims of Pakistan’s tensions with the Taliban in Afghanistan, which Islamabad sees as being “culpable” for militant attacks on Pakistani soil.

What is the legal situation for Afghans in Pakistan?
Saifullah Muhib Kakakhel, a high court lawyer in the northwestern city of Peshawar, told DW that anyone who was born in Pakistan, married to a Pakistani citizen, or has lived in the country on a visa for seven years within a 12-year period, is entitled to become a Pakistani citizen.

He said that migrants who fall into those categories have the right to legally appeal deportation orders.

“Lack of awareness [of the Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951] is a major issue of our Afghan brothers and sisters,” he said. “They need to fight their case.”

Kakakhel said more and more Afghans born in Pakistan, or married to a Pakistani, were approaching courts for orders against possible repatriation.

Pakistan’s Interior Ministry says 4.4 million Afghans live in the country, and around 1.7 million do not have legal documents to remain. Most of them live in the southwestern Balochistan and northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces, which border Afghanistan.

Pakistan has set up several deportation centers around the country undocumented Afghans found past the deadline. From these “mass transit camps,” deportees will be taken to border crossing points for handover to Afghan authorities, according to Interior Ministry officials.

Law enforcement agencies are currently collecting details on Afghan migrants and refugees across the country. As the eviction deadline is less than a week away, more and more are returning to Afghanistan.

Azam Khan, the caretaker chief minister for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, said the region would have three deportation centers. More than 60,000 Afghans have returned home since the deportation policy was announced, he said.

Rights groups question legality of deportation
The deportation plan, which was only announced a little more than three weeks ago, has been met with heavy skepticism over the practicality of expecting hundreds of thousands of people to relocate on such short notice.

“It will be difficult to track them down as Islamabad has adopted the policy of allowing them for the past 40 years, including during the US presence in Afghanistan, and suddenly this policy shift will not work,” Pakistani analyst Zahid Hussain told DW earlier in October after the plan was announced.

Maheen Paracha, a spokesperson for the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), an independent watchdog, said the Pakistani state was bound by the universal customary “law of non-refoulement,” which forbids the deportation of foreigners to a place where they would face a real risk of persecution, torture, ill-treatment, or a threat to their life.

“The state must devise a policy that protects the fundamental rights of refugees in line with its obligations under an agreement with Afghanistan and the United Nations refugee agency [UNHCR] instead of forcibly expelling them. Humanitarian concerns must always supersede security concerns in this regard,” she told DW.

A UNHCR spokesperson said that the organization was in contact with Pakistani authorities to advocate a “comprehensive and sustained mechanism to manage and register” Afghans whose freedom and lives could be at risk in Afghanistan after deportation.

Since the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021, the human rights situation in the country has deteriorated.

“Afghanistan is going through a severe humanitarian crisis with several rights challenges, particularly for women and girls. Such plans would have serious implications for all those forced to leave the country. They may face serious protection risks on repatriation,” UNHCR spokesperson in Pakistan Qaiser Khan Afridi told DW.

Credit: DW

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UN appoints new senior leadership for UNHCR

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The United Nations has announced a new set of senior appointments to the leadership of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), with Secretary-General António Guterres naming Tressa Rae Finerty as Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees, Antón Leis García as Assistant High Commissioner for Operations, and Edem Wosornu as Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.

The appointments, announced on Saturday, are expected to take effect in the coming weeks.

The three officials will occupy the most senior positions within UNHCR, supporting the High Commissioner in leading the agency’s global response to the protection and assistance of refugees, stateless persons and other people forced to flee their homes.

Welcoming the appointments, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Barham Salih expressed confidence that the incoming officials would strengthen the agency’s response to the growing global displacement crisis.

“I warmly welcome these appointments and look forward to working closely with Tressa, Anton and Edem,” Salih said.

“Their leadership, experience and commitment will be invaluable as UNHCR responds to displacement challenges around the world. Together, we will work to continue strengthening protection, expanding opportunities for self-reliance and pursuing lasting solutions that help refugees rebuild their lives with dignity.”

Finerty, a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, currently serves as Chargé d’Affaires at the United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. She previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Geneva and Deputy Executive Secretary in the Office of the U.S. Secretary of State. Her diplomatic career has also included postings at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations in New York and embassies in Malaysia, Iraq, Armenia and Thailand. In addition, she has taught refugee policy at New York University and Georgetown University.

Leis García currently heads the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), Spain’s development and humanitarian agency. He has previously held senior positions at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Office of the President of the Spanish Government, and international financial institutions including the African Development Bank and the World Bank Group.

Wosornu currently serves as Director of the Crisis Response Division at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Emergency Directors Group. She has held several senior headquarters and field positions within OCHA and began her United Nations career as an intern at UNHCR before working in the private legal sector in the United Kingdom.

The newly appointed officials will replace Kelly T. Clements, Deputy High Commissioner; Raouf Mazou, Assistant High Commissioner for Operations; and Ruvendrini Menikdiwela, Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, whose terms are coming to an end.

Paying tribute to the outgoing leaders, Salih praised their contributions to the agency’s humanitarian mission.

“The organization owes a profound debt of gratitude to Kelly, Raouf and Ruven for their exceptional service and dedication,” he said. “Their leadership has strengthened UNHCR’s ability to protect and assist millions of displaced and stateless people around the world.”

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Sixth batch of Nigerians stranded in South Africa return home

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The final batch of 40 stranded Nigerians evacuated from South Africa has arrived at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) in Lagos, bringing to a close the Federal Government’s evacuation exercise that returned a total of 1,174 citizens.

The returnees landed on Friday night aboard a chartered Air Peace flight, marking the sixth and final phase of the evacuation programme.

In a statement issued on Saturday, the Director of Media, Public Relations and Protocols of the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NiDCOM), Abdur-Rahman Balogun, said the exercise was carried out through six flights operated by Air Peace and ValueJet.

According to the commission, the first five batches brought home 258, 266, 262, 282 and 66 Nigerians, while the final chartered Air Peace flight evacuated the remaining 40 stranded citizens.

Balogun said the returnees expressed appreciation to President Bola Tinubu for approving the evacuation from South Africa. They also thanked the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu, the Acting Nigerian Ambassador to South Africa, Temitope Alexander-Ajayi, and NiDCOM Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Abike Dabiri-Erewa, for facilitating their safe return.

The evacuees were received at the airport by NiDCOM officials, who also announced a series of support packages from government agencies, corporate organisations and individuals.

According to the statement, Governor Hope Uzodimma of Imo State approved a grant of N1 million for each returnee from the state. Telecommunications company MTN also donated free SIM packs with N50,000 worth of data and pledged to credit each returnee’s bank account with N100,000.

Officials from the Edo and Delta State governments similarly announced assistance for their indigenes among the evacuees.

The commission added that the JAAL Foundation pledged empowerment support for 50 female returnees, while the General Overseer of Omega Power Ministries Worldwide, Apostle Dr Chibuzor Gift Chinwe, was commended for providing free accommodation for about 52 returnees, skills acquisition opportunities for their families and free education for their children up to university level.

The returnees also acknowledged Pastor Bolaji Idowu of Harvesters Church for donating N100,000 each to 66 evacuees, while real estate firm Cruxstone provided financial support to the first batch of returnees.

Balogun said officials of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), the Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS), the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) and other security agencies were present at the airport to receive and document the returnees.

“The returnees were full of gratitude for the donations, support and warm welcome received,” the statement said.

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EU Pact offers hope for better migration management and fairer asylum systems- IOM, UNHCR

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The UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, and the UN Migration Agency, IOM have welcomed the entry into force today of the European Union’s Pact on Migration and Asylum as an opportunity to move beyond crisis-driven responses and implement a more predictable, fair and effective approach to the issues across Europe.

EU Member States should seize this moment to strengthen migration management and refugee protection while advancing solidarity and responsibility-sharing in line with European values and international obligations, the agencies’ chiefs said.

“The Pact’s entry into full effect today is an important step toward a more predictable and coherent European migration system. What matters now is steady implementation over time that is effective, humane, sustainably resourced and grounded in cooperation,” said Amy Pope, Director General of the International Organization for Migration. “The priority is turning the reforms into practical results for States, communities, and people on the move.”

The Pact aims to make EU asylum systems more efficient and consistent, offering a structured framework for Member State cooperation. This can reduce backlogs while maintaining the quality of assessments, provide greater certainty for asylum-seekers, and enable refugees to begin rebuilding their lives and contributing to their communities sooner.

“This Pact is an important step in the right direction, advancing shared responsibility and more predictable, sustainable approaches across the European Union,” said Barham Salih, UN High Commissioner for Refugees. “UNHCR stands ready to support all Member States in strengthening asylum systems – ensuring access to protection for those in need, upholding human rights and dignity, and enabling safe, lawful and dignified returns for those not in need of international protection.”

IOM and UNHCR welcome the EU’s renewed focus on partnerships with all affected countries. Reducing irregular movements means addressing root causes, ensuring access to protection, tackling smuggling networks, and enabling safe, regular pathways. The organizations will continue to support route-based approaches that ensure policies deliver on protection, dignity and shared responsibility, while contributing to sustainable solutions that benefit both countries and communities along migration routes.

UNHCR and IOM welcome several key elements of the Pact, including earlier identification of people with specific needs, strengthened legal assistance, and new independent monitoring mechanisms at external borders. Returns of those with no legal right to stay must be both effective and humane. Alongside enforcement, they should ensure access to informed voluntary return, early case management, and reintegration support, working with countries of origin, transit and first asylum as part of a balanced approach that upholds dignity and fundamental rights.

These measures can help ensure that asylum processing and return procedures are faster and fairer, reducing uncertainty for asylum-seekers while strengthening public confidence in the migration and asylum system.

UNHCR and IOM stress that implementation will be the decisive test. Procedures must be carried out with adequate safeguards to ensure that no one is returned or transferred to a situation where they may face persecution, conflict or other forms of serious harm.

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