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Undocumented migrants face danger, violations on journey between Afghanistan, Pakistan

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Many Afghan families travel to Pakistan through the “Zero Point” of Spin Boldak. Photo: IOM/Léo Torréton

Spin Boldak, 24 May 2023 – On the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, dozens of colorful trucks, cars and rickshaws crisscross a sandy road, creating thick clouds of dust. The atmosphere tense, rain begins to fall as the border guards of the de facto authorities (DfA) try to organize the coming and going of vehicles.

A few months ago, exchanges of gunfire resulted in deaths on both sides of the “Zero Point”, the line where Afghanistan becomes Pakistan. Since August 2021, tensions between the two countries have intensified. Brawls between guards at border crossings like Spin Boldak or Torkham are recurrent.[1]

Border guards organizing the coming and going of vehicles. Photo: IOM/Léo Torréton

From the east to the south-west of Afghanistan, across the Durand Line, a fence some 2,600 kilometres long divides the two countries. Spotlights beaming from guard posts chase through the mountains to ensure no travelers, from refugees to migrants, cross to the other side overnight.

Across the Durand Line, a fence some 2,600 kilometres long divides Afghanistan and Pakistan. Photo: IOM/Léo Torréton

Nevertheless, many Afghans attempt to travel to Pakistan, whether regularly or irregularly, usually to work, study, seek medical treatment, visit family or flee life-threatening situations. Smuggling routes are being used more frequently as many Afghans lack the legal documentation required to travel. In March 2023, at least 340,000 Afghans traveled to Pakistan through the border points and an estimated higher number did so through irregular crossing points.

A constant stream of men, women and children make their way across the labyrinth of corridors and wire mesh which form the border. They walk through the pouring rain, bags slung over their shoulders, their feet trudging through puddles and mud, to reach the other side. Whether they are leaving or returning to Afghanistan, the flow of people is continuous. Staff from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) are posted on each side of the border, counting the departures and arrivals, and providing health screening on communicable or epidemic-prone diseases to reduce any exposure risk back in their communities.

Many of the returnees from Pakistan walk across the border to return to Afghanistan. Photo: IOM/Léo Torréton

Today, the IOM Reception Centre in Spin Boldak is receiving more and more undocumented returnees and deportees who did not or could not obtain legal status in Pakistan. Since the beginning of the year, there has been a spike of undocumented Afghans being deported. More than 2,000 people were deported from January to March 2023, compared to 500 in the same period of last year. This number is likely to quickly surpass the total number of deportations recorded in 2022 (2,900).

“Our home was damaged due to a land mine explosion,” says Zari Gul, a 53-year-old Afghan mother of six. “My husband and I were forced to go to Pakistan due to conflict [a few years ago].”

“When we moved to Pakistan, my husband found a job as a daily wage worker, but in the last few months the police arrested all the Afghans [in my neighbourhood], and they also arrested my husband,” she adds. “I found out that he was detained after one month and when I went to the police station, they put me and my children in jail too. There were a lot of Afghans. We women were in one room and the men were in separate rooms; they did not give us proper food.”

Due to the complexities in the relationship between the two countries, the conditions of undocumented Afghans in Pakistan are deteriorating with recent reports of people being detained for several months before being sent back to Afghanistan.

Many returnees from Pakistan walk across the border to return to Afghanistan. Photos: IOM/Léo Torréton

“During the conflict in Afghanistan [several years ago], we were displaced from Uruzgan to Kandahar,” says Basmina, a 45-year-old Afghan mother of four. “We didn’t have a good life in Kandahar, so my husband decided that we would all go to Pakistan.”

“Three years later, he had health problems and died. I was a single woman in Pakistan and my children were small. People said that the police would capture Afghans and take them to prison if they didn’t go back to Afghanistan. I left, but two of my children stayed.”

Basmina sits in the IOM Transit Centre reflecting on her return to Afghanistan. Photo: IOM/Léo Torréton

Exhausted from her perilous journey, Basmina arrived at the Reception Centre in Spin Boldak and through transportation provided by IOM, was transferred to the organization’s Transit Centre in Kandahar where she was able to spend the night and receive assistance.

Reluctant to return to her life in Kandahar, she explains, “I am not free to move and go outside as I want.” Even before going to Pakistan, Basmina never possessed any legal documents, and today remains undocumented. Moving around Kandahar as a single woman, with the rules and norms imposed by the DfA, is almost impossible.

“My two other boys are underage, and they are the ones working to bring an income to our household. I wish my two girls could go to school.”

Fewer and fewer undocumented returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Afghanistan have proper documentation. The lack of access to civil registration documents, including Tazkira, the national identity card, and passports, is the result of intermittent service provision by the Department of Population and Registration in Afghanistan. In addition, women like Basmina, and members of ethnic minority groups, are more likely to be undocumented because they have never obtained documents due to historic political and socio-cultural norms.

During their journeys, undocumented returnees are more likely to face human rights violations by state security forces of neighbouring and transit states. These include the use of force and firearms, torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. It is essential that the humanitarian community raise awareness of, and advocate against, these abuses and that the DfA facilitate access to civil documentation for all.

IOM teams are screening travelers on both sides of the border. Photo: IOM/Léo Torréton

IOM caseworkers support women like Basmina to connect with their families and access shelter, food, livelihood opportunities and other essential services upon their return. IOM is also working with partners at the Reception and Transit Centres to raise awareness on legal documentation among undocumented returnees for them to have a better understanding of the process of obtaining legal documentation and the benefit of holding such documents.

In 2023, based on receiving additional resources, IOM plans to provide protection assistance to 6,500 undocumented Afghan migrants returning from Pakistan through Spin Boldak and Torkham borders.

After the 24 December 2022 decree prohibiting Afghan women from working with national and international non-governmental organizations was recently enforced for women for working with the United Nations, IOM has been forced to temporarily suspend operations, as it is impossible to deliver principled humanitarian assistance without accessing half of the population. As a result, undocumented female returnees traveling alone, such as Zari Gul and Basmina, can no longer be reached. In coordination with the UN leadership and humanitarian organizations, IOM is advocating for the DfA to urgently revoke the decision banning Afghan women from working for humanitarian organizations and to ensure that basic services are available and accessible to all regardless of sex, ethnicity, civil or financial status, or any other distinction, in line with their obligations under international human rights law and cultural requirements.

                   
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Ugandan lawyer urges AU to reject Europe’s migration deals

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A Ugandan lawyer and youth advocate, Mwanje Gideon, has called on the African Union (AU) to urgently introduce a continental digital currency, invest in youth development, remove barriers to movement across Africa and reject migration agreements that turn African countries into offshore detention centres for European nations.

Gideon, alias Batapa, born on 8th April 2000, in Bamunaniika, Luwero, Uganda said the measures were necessary to accelerate Africa’s economic integration, strengthen its sovereignty, create employment opportunities for young people and protect the dignity of migrants and asylum seekers.

He made the appeal in a letter dated September 10, 2026, addressed to the Chairperson of the African Union Commission at the AU headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He physically went to submit the  letter at the AU headquarters.

In the letter titled “Urgent Priorities for Africa’s Economic Integration, Youth, and Sovereignty,” the Kampala-based lawyer acknowledged the progress made towards continental unity through the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity, its transformation into the African Union and the introduction of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

He, however, expressed concern that Africa continued to face significant economic, political and migration challenges despite decades of commitments to regional integration.

According to him, the rapidly changing global political and economic landscape demands urgent and practical measures to safeguard Africa’s future.

Gideon identified four priority areas requiring immediate intervention by the continental body.

Calls for African digital currency

On economic integration, the lawyer advocated the development of a secure continental digital currency specifically designed to facilitate cross-border trade among African countries.

He argued that the current reliance on foreign currencies for transactions between African countries was undermining regional trade and draining valuable financial resources from the continent.

“Today, a trader in East Africa selling goods to West Africa often has to convert local money into foreign currencies first, paying heavy transaction fees and losing valuable capital along the way,” he said.

Gideon maintained that although the long-term ambition of establishing a unified African currency remained important, businesses could not afford to wait indefinitely for its realisation.

He proposed the introduction of a digital Afro currency that would enable African businesses to conduct transactions seamlessly across borders.

“A digital Afro currency would allow African businesses to buy and sell from one another seamlessly, keep financial value within our continent, and build real economic independence,” he stated.

He said such an initiative would strengthen intra-African trade, reduce transaction costs and accelerate the continent’s economic integration.

Seeks investment in sports, technology for African youth

The lawyer also urged African governments to prioritise investment in sports infrastructure, technology development, digital education and innovation centres as part of efforts to tackle youth unemployment.

He noted that Africa, despite having the world’s youngest population, continued to struggle with inadequate employment and economic opportunities for millions of young people.

According to him, the global sports industry generates more than $500 billion annually through broadcasting rights, sponsorships, merchandise, sports tourism and other commercial activities.

Gideon cited Senegalese football star Sadio Mané and Egyptian international Mohamed Salah as examples of African athletes whose success had contributed to economic development in their home countries.

He claimed that Mané had invested more than $20 million in his hometown of Bambali, Senegal, supporting projects ranging from healthcare and education to agro-industrial development.

According to him, the investments have created employment opportunities, reduced poverty and strengthened the local economy.

He also highlighted Salah’s contributions to healthcare, youth development and community infrastructure in Egypt.

Gideon argued that developing more internationally competitive African athletes could generate substantial foreign exchange earnings and stimulate local economic growth.

“If Africa produces 1,000 elite athletes operating at Sadio Mané or Mohamed Salah’s market value across various international disciplines, the economy would see a direct capital injection exceeding $500 million in foreign currency inflows, transfer fees, and player remittances,” he said.

He urged the AU and member states to recognise sports as a major economic sector rather than merely a recreational activity.

“Sports are no longer just recreation; they are a major global industry that creates millions of jobs, builds local economies, and unites communities,” he said.

He added that investments in technology hubs, innovation centres and digital education would equip young Africans with the skills required to develop globally competitive products without leaving their home countries.

“Investing in our youth is the most critical economic investment Africa can make today,” Gideon declared.

Demands visa-free movement across Africa

On regional mobility, Gideon expressed concern that African citizens continued to encounter restrictive immigration procedures, high visa fees and lengthy processing times when travelling between countries on the continent.

He described the situation as inconsistent with Africa’s ambition to achieve economic and political integration.

The lawyer particularly criticised travel restrictions affecting African citizens attending meetings, conducting business or participating in civil society activities in cities hosting major continental institutions.

He identified Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Banjul, The Gambia, among important diplomatic destinations where easier movement should be guaranteed.

Gideon called on the African Union to introduce a mandatory policy granting African passport holders free visa-on-arrival access for at least four days when visiting member states hosting major continental headquarters.

According to him, the proposed arrangement would enable entrepreneurs, civil society representatives and other African citizens to conduct legitimate activities without unnecessary immigration difficulties.

“This short pass would give visitors enough time to complete their business calmly, rather than rushing through important meetings just to avoid immigration penalties,” he explained.

He maintained that removing unnecessary travel barriers would promote regional cooperation, strengthen people-to-people relations and bring the continent closer to achieving a borderless Africa.

Warns against Europe’s migration externalisation policies

Gideon also called for stronger African Union intervention against the externalisation of European migration and border control policies to African countries.

He expressed concern over arrangements under which European governments seek agreements with African states to host, process or detain migrants and asylum seekers in exchange for financial assistance or development funding.

The lawyer warned that such agreements could undermine Africa’s sovereignty and expose vulnerable migrants to human rights violations.

“Exchanging human beings for money is a deeply dangerous path that echoes the darkest chapters of our continent’s history,” he said.

He argued that wealthy countries should not transfer their international refugee protection responsibilities to African nations through financial arrangements.

According to him, the responsibility to protect people fleeing persecution must be shared in accordance with international refugee law and the principle of non-refoulement, which prohibits returning individuals to places where they face serious threats to their lives or freedom.

“Western nations must not be allowed to contract out their international duties simply because African hospitality, our spirit of Karibu, is warm and welcoming,” he stated.

Gideon urged the African Union to investigate existing migration cooperation agreements between African and European countries to determine whether they comply with international human rights standards.

He also called on the continental body to publicly condemn agreements that compromise migrant dignity in exchange for financial benefits.

“The African Union must investigate all existing migration deals, publicly condemn those that trade human dignity for funds, and warn member states against entering into arrangements that turn our land into offshore detention centers,” he said.

The lawyer maintained that African countries must resist becoming holding centres for migrants rejected or transferred by European governments.

He stressed that Africa’s traditional hospitality should not be exploited to justify arrangements that shift migration management responsibilities away from countries with obligations to protect asylum seekers.

Urges AU to demonstrate stronger leadership

Gideon concluded by urging the African Union Commission to demonstrate decisive leadership in advancing continental economic independence, youth empowerment, freedom of movement and migrant protection.

He maintained that the proposed initiatives were interconnected and essential to achieving a prosperous, united and sovereign Africa.

According to him, a continental digital currency would facilitate trade, investment in sports and technology would empower young people, relaxed travel restrictions would strengthen integration, while rejecting exploitative migration agreements would protect Africa’s dignity and independence.

He said millions of Africans were looking to the continental organisation to translate its longstanding commitments into practical policies that would improve their lives.

“These four priorities—a digital currency for trade, youth development through sports and tech, borderless Africa, easier travel to continental hubs, and the defense of human dignity against unfair migration deals—are essential steps for a truly sovereign Africa,” he said.

“With those four points, if realised, we shall start to see a unified Africa,” Gideon added.

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Les États-Unis s’apprêtent à expulser un nouveau groupe de Nigérians pour des infractions pénales présumées

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Le Département américain de la Sécurité intérieure (DHS) a publié les noms de 24 Nigérians arrêtés par les autorités de l’immigration pour des infractions pénales présumées, alors que le pays intensifie sa campagne d’expulsions.

Le département a rendu publics les noms et les photographies des ressortissants nigérians qui auraient été interpellés par le Service américain de l’immigration et des douanes (ICE) dans différentes localités des États-Unis.

Les infractions présumées vont de la fraude postale et électronique au blanchiment d’argent, en passant par des délits liés à la drogue, l’usurpation d’identité, les agressions, le faux et les actes de cruauté envers un enfant.

Dans un communiqué, le DHS a indiqué que cette publication visait à mettre en lumière des ressortissants étrangers ayant des antécédents judiciaires et ayant été arrêtés par les agents chargés de l’application des lois sur l’immigration.

« Le Département américain de la Sécurité intérieure met en lumière les pires criminels étrangers arrêtés par le Service américain de l’immigration et des douanes (ICE) », indique le communiqué.

Il ajoute : « Sous la direction du DHS, les hommes et les femmes dévoués du DHS et de l’ICE tiennent la promesse du président Trump et procèdent à des expulsions massives, en commençant par les pires criminels, notamment les étrangers en situation irrégulière que vous voyez ici. »

Selon les informations publiées par le département, les 24 Nigérians ont été arrêtés dans différentes villes et différents centres de détention à travers les États-Unis.

Parmi les personnes citées figurent Emmanuel Omowaiye, arrêté à Richmond, au Texas, pour une fraude postale présumée ; Laurene Onwuka, interpellée à Chantilly, en Virginie, pour des faits présumés de fraude et d’usurpation d’identité ; Olusegun Shonekan, arrêté à Newark, dans le New Jersey, pour une fraude électronique présumée ; et Olusegun Olaseni, interpellé à Greencastle, dans l’Indiana, pour une infraction présumée liée à la vente d’amphétamines.

Les autres personnes citées sont Peter Ude, arrêté à Atlanta, en Géorgie, pour une fraude électronique présumée ; Newton Jemide, interpellé à Fort Dix, dans le New Jersey, pour des faits présumés de fraude électronique, de complot et de fraude postale ; Shedrack Umukoro, arrêté à Yazoo City, dans le Mississippi, pour blanchiment d’argent présumé ; et Olasoji Akinbode, interpellé à Kearny, dans le New Jersey, pour des faits présumés de fraude et d’usurpation d’identité.

La liste comprend également Oluwatosin Afolabi, arrêté à Conroe, au Texas, pour fraude présumée ; Alameen Adetunji Tokosi, interpellé à Chicago, dans l’Illinois, pour possession présumée de stupéfiants ; et Joshua Ipoade, arrêté à Atlanta, en Géorgie, pour une fraude électronique présumée.

Michael Orji, arrêté à Oxford, dans le Wisconsin, fait l’objet d’accusations mentionnées portant notamment sur des infractions liées aux armes, la fraude, l’usurpation d’identité, la fraude électronique, de fausses déclarations relatives à la citoyenneté et le blanchiment d’argent. Ahmadu Apooyin a été interpellé à Baltimore, dans le Maryland, pour une infraction liée à la drogue, tandis que Teslim Kiriji a été arrêté à Yazoo City, dans le Mississippi, pour blanchiment d’argent présumé.

Figurent également sur la liste Onomen Uduebor, arrêté à Seattle, dans l’État de Washington, pour une usurpation d’identité présumée, ainsi que Charles Ochi et Daniel Eta, tous deux interpellés à White Deer, en Pennsylvanie, respectivement pour blanchiment d’argent présumé et fraude électronique présumée.

Les autres Nigérians cités sont Ifeanyi Ibennah, arrêté à Tampa, en Floride, pour des actes présumés de cruauté envers un enfant ; Kazeem Runsewe, interpellé à Thomson, dans l’Illinois, pour une fraude électronique présumée ; Fatiu Lawal, arrêté à Lompoc, en Californie, pour une fraude électronique présumée ; et Justin Akubueze, interpellé à Orem, dans l’Utah, pour blanchiment d’argent présumé.

La liste mentionne également Moyinoluwaseun Okeowo, arrêté à Orlando, en Floride, pour des faits présumés de vol, de falsification de documents et de dissimulation de biens volés ; Babajide Oluwaseun Faseyi, interpellé à Alden, dans l’État de New York, pour une agression présumée ; et Bright Eigbedion, arrêté à Lompoc, en Californie, pour blanchiment d’argent présumé.

Le DHS a précisé que ces arrestations s’inscrivaient dans le cadre de la vaste campagne de contrôle de l’immigration menée par le gouvernement américain, l’ICE étant chargé d’interpeller des personnes sur l’ensemble du territoire.

Cette annonce intervient alors que l’administration Trump cherche à intensifier les expulsions, les autorités de l’immigration donnant la priorité aux personnes qu’elles identifient comme ayant des antécédents judiciaires.

Toutefois, la publication des noms et des infractions présumées ne permet pas, à elle seule, d’établir le statut juridique définitif de chaque dossier ni l’issue des procédures engagées. Elle ne confirme pas non plus que les 24 Nigérians ont tous fait l’objet d’ordres d’expulsion ou qu’ils doivent être renvoyés immédiatement des États-Unis.

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La RCCG soutient le retour de 111 Nigérians d’Afrique du Sud

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Un nouveau groupe de 111 Nigérians en détresse a été évacué d’Afrique du Sud et rapatrié au Nigeria, dans un contexte marqué par des préoccupations liées aux attaques xénophobes et afrophobes dans le pays.

Les rapatriés sont arrivés à Lagos à bord du vol SA060 de South African Airways (SAA), le jeudi 8 octobre, à la suite d’une opération d’évacuation financée par l’Église chrétienne rachetée de Dieu (Redeemed Christian Church of God, RCCG).

Dans un communiqué publié à Abuja au cours du week-end, le porte-parole du ministère des Affaires étrangères, Oluwafemi Adeniyi, a indiqué que cette nouvelle évacuation s’inscrivait dans le cadre des efforts en cours pour garantir la sécurité et le bien-être des Nigérians en situation de détresse en Afrique du Sud.

Le groupe était composé de 44 hommes, 23 femmes et 44 enfants. À leur arrivée, les rapatriés ont été accueillis par des représentants du ministère des Affaires étrangères, de la Commission des Nigérians de la diaspora (NiDCOM), de l’Agence nationale pour l’interdiction de la traite des personnes (NAPTIP), de l’Agence nationale de gestion des urgences (NEMA) ainsi que d’autres agences fédérales compétentes.

Selon le ministère, l’opération d’évacuation a été entièrement financée grâce au don de 265 854 dollars effectué par la RCCG pour soutenir le rapatriement de 500 Nigérians en détresse en Afrique du Sud.

Cette dernière opération porte à 15 le nombre total d’évacuations consulaires organisées depuis l’Afrique du Sud depuis le lancement de l’opération en cours, le 10 juin 2026. Elle porte également à 2 037 le nombre cumulé de Nigérians évacués du pays.

Sur ce total, les frais de rapatriement de 1 388 personnes ont été entièrement pris en charge par le gouvernement fédéral, précise le communiqué.

Le ministère a ajouté que la RCCG avait jusqu’à présent financé les billets d’avion aller simple de 318 Nigérians, dans le cadre de son engagement à soutenir l’évacuation de 500 ressortissants. Il reste ainsi 182 personnes qui pourront bénéficier de l’intervention de l’Église.

Le gouvernement fédéral a exprimé sa gratitude à la RCCG, dirigée par le pasteur Enoch Adejare Adeboye, pour son soutien financier aux opérations d’évacuation des Nigérians en détresse.

Il a également réaffirmé son engagement à collaborer avec les parties prenantes concernées, notamment les autorités sud-africaines, afin de lutter contre la xénophobie et l’afrophobie et de promouvoir la sécurité, le bien-être et la dignité des Nigérians vivant dans le pays.

Le gouvernement a conseillé aux Nigérians résidant en Afrique du Sud de respecter les lois locales, de rester vigilants et de faire de leur sécurité une priorité. Il les a également exhortés à rester en contact avec le Haut-Commissariat du Nigeria à Pretoria et le Consulat général à Johannesburg afin de bénéficier d’une assistance consulaire en cas de besoin.

Le ministère a réitéré l’engagement du gouvernement fédéral à fournir une assistance consulaire rapide aux Nigérians vivant à l’étranger et à protéger leur sécurité, leur bien-être et leurs intérêts.

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