58 organisations, movements sign Cotonou Manifesto for freedom of movement

Fifty-eight organisations, movements and collectives have signed the Cotonou Manifesto for Freedom of Movement, calling for an end to the externalisation of border controls, the closure of detention centres and greater protection for people on the move.

The manifesto was developed collectively through the Migration Village at the recently held World Social Forum in Cotonou, Benin. It was authored and led by survivors of migration routes and supported by organisations working on migration, human rights and freedom of movement.

Titled “Our Bodies Are Not Your Borders,” the manifesto brings together victims, survivors, families, activists and organisations that said they were committed to dismantling what they described as a racist migration regime.

The signatories said many survivors had experienced deadly desert crossings, prisons, detention centres, deportation flights, pushbacks, racist attacks, abductions at sea, enslavement and other forms of inhumane treatment. They argued that the suffering and deaths of migrants had increasingly been used to justify restrictive migration policies.

The groups accused the European Union of being at the forefront of policies that externalise border controls into Africa, saying European governments have funded and supported governments, coastguards, militias, detention systems and surveillance infrastructure to prevent migrants from reaching European territory.

They specifically cited cooperation with countries including Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Algeria, Niger, Mauritania and Senegal, arguing that such arrangements had transformed parts of Africa into places of detention and danger for migrants. Libya, they said, had become a “laboratory” for the system.

The manifesto also criticised the role of Frontex, accusing the European Border and Coast Guard Agency of contributing to pushbacks and facilitating the interception of refugee boats. It further criticised what it described as the extension of Europe’s migration security apparatus into African countries.

The organisations also expressed concern about the role of international agencies, including the International Organisation for Migration and UNHCR, arguing that terms such as “risk analysis,” “border management” and “voluntary return” can conceal policies aimed at tracking, containing and deporting migrants before they reach their intended destinations.

African governments were also criticised. The signatories said African states could not continue portraying themselves solely as victims of European migration policies while accepting funding to police Europe’s borders and participating in the detention, deportation and abandonment of Africans on the continent.

They also accused the African Union of failing to adequately respond to the treatment of African migrants and said the continent’s commitment to free movement remained severely restricted.

The manifesto called for an end to the externalisation of border control, the closure of detention and so-called return centres, and effective access to asylum. It also urged states to honour international human rights and refugee protection commitments and called for survivors and families of migrants who died along migration routes to participate in institutions and negotiations affecting their lives.

The signatories further called for freedom of movement and the right of people to choose where they live and travel safely. They demanded the abolition of visa systems, arguing that these systems disproportionately burden people from the Global South.

According to the manifesto, freedom of movement would promote economic, social and cultural ties between countries and peoples, while strengthening women’s and gender minorities’ ability to seek safety and freedom. The signatories also linked free movement to Pan-African unity and decolonisation.

The groups said migrants and their allies would continue building transnational networks and solidarity structures to challenge restrictive border systems and support people on the move.

The manifesto concluded with a series of declarations, including: “Our forced migration is not your invasion,” “Human beings are not your bargaining chips,” “Our bodies are not Europe’s borders,” and “Our lives are not Africa’s currency.”

Among the 58 signatories are Refugees in Libya, WatchTheMed Alarm Phone, Migreurop, SOSAPROFEM, Southern Africa Migration Network, Voice of Migrants Association, Female Returned Migrant Network, Migrants Lives Matter, Advocates Female Migrants Initiative and several other African, European and international organisations.

The manifesto said the Migration Village at the World Social Forum in Cotonou represented another step toward strengthening cooperation among movements and survivors in the continuing campaign for freedom of movement.

The manifestor was authored and led by survivors. 

Supported by the following organizations, movements and collectives:

1. Advocates Female Migrants initiative (Nigeria)

2. Afrique-Europe Interact (transnational network)

3. Al Bawsala (Tunisia)

4. Alarme Phone Sahara

5. Alerte Migration Afrique (Burkina Faso)

6. Arab and Muslim Ethnicities and Diasporas Studies Program, San Francisco State University (USA)

7. Association des Mères des Disparus en Tunisie (Tunisia)

8. Association Éducation Togo (AET, Togo)

9. Association Malienne des Expulsés (AME, Mali)

10. Association Marocaine d’aide aux migrants en situation vulnérable (AMSV, Morocco)

11. Association Marocaine des droits humains (AMDH, Morocco)

12. Association Mauritanienne pour la Citoyenneté et le Développement (AMCD, Mauritania)

13. Association Nationale des Partenaires Migrants (ANPM, Senegal)

14. Association Togolaise des Expulsés (ATE, Togo)

15. Boza Fii (Senegal)

16. Caritas Dakar/PARI (Senegal)

17. Confédération générale autonome des travailleurs en Algérie (CGATA, Algeria)

18. Citoyennes Citoyens Debout Mauritanie (CCD, Mauritania)

19. Climáximo (Portugal)

20. Collective Against the Criminalization of Solidarity and Civic Engagement in Tunisia

21. Conseil des Migrants Subsahariens au Maroc (CMSM, Morocco)

22. CRID (France)

23. Direy Ben Gao/ RMSM (Mali)

24. Ebrima Migrant Situation Foundation (Gambia)

25. Female Returned Migrant network – FREMNET (Nigeria)

26. 50 Out of Many (Greece)

27. Groupe solidarité des groupements féminins au Togo

28. Jeunesses Nigérienne au Service du Développement Durable (JNSDD AIKIN KASA) (Niger)

29. KISA – Equality, Support, Antiracism (Cyprus)

30. Medico International

31. Mediterr

32. Migrants Lives Matter (Nigeria)

33. Migreurop (Euro-African network)

34. MV Louise Michel project

35. Network of Ex-Asylum Seekers – NEAS (Sierra Leone)

36. Network of People with Migration Experience (Nigeria)

37. Nomad 08 (Tunisia)

38. OGLMI – Terre de Liberté (Guinea)

39. ONG Opinion Éclairée (Ivory Coast)

40. ONG UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Benin)

41. Palestinian NGOs Network

42. Refugees in Libya (RiL)

43. Réseau Maghreb Sahel sur les Migrations

44. Réseau ROA-PRODMAC (African network)

45. Riposte internationale (Algeria)

46. Right2Protest Project Africa

47. Rootstv.tn (Tunisia)

48. Solidarités Asie France (SAF)

49. SOSAPROFEM (Senegal)

50. Southern Africa Migration Network (SAMIN)

51. Teaching Palestine: Pedagogical Praxis and the Indivisibility of Justice

52. trans-border.net Editorial Team

53. Un Monde Avenir (Cameroon)

54. Voice of Migrants Association – VOMA (Nigeria)

55. Voice of Talia Initiative Foundation (Nigeria)

56. WatchTheMed Alarm Phone

57. Welcome to Europe

58. We`ll Come United (Germany)