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Syria: Escalating violence raises fear of ‘large-scale war’

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© UNOCHA/Ali Haj Suleiman The village of Bara sits near the frontlines in the Ariha district in Syria and has been frequently targeted with shelling.
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A new report from the UN Syria Commission of Inquiry released on Tuesday, September 10, 2024,has warned that Increased violence along the frontlines in Syria, with continued war crimes on all sides, is leaving civilians in the region fearful of a “large-scale war”.

After over a decade of brutal fighting, the Commission Chair, Paulo Pinheiro, said that deadly dynamics are causing new waves of hostilities.

“The recent direct fighting in northeast Syria around Deir-ez-Zor between the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) on the one hand and Arab tribes, Government forces and Iran-backed militia on the other, evokes the deeply entrenched grievances among the population in this part of northeast Syria,” he said.

Regional tensions grow
The report links rising regional tensions stemming from the Gaza war, increased Israeli attacks against Iranian officials and Iranian-backed forces across Syria, which resulted in at least three civilian casualties.

The Syria Commission says they are investigating these attacks and noted that Iranian-affiliated groups have also targeted US bases in eastern Syria over 100 times, prompting US counter-attacks.

According to news reports, an alleged Israeli strike on a facility that the West alleges produced chemical weapons on Sunday, left at least 18 dead.

Cluster munitions
Based on investigations by the Commission, increased violence in northwest Syria, including Syrian Government forces’ use of cluster munitions in densely populated areas of Idlib, has killed or injured over 150 civilians, half of them women and children. These attacks, along with Russian airstrikes causing civilian casualties, may amount to war crimes, the report said.

Another investigation was launched following a massacre in Dara’a by a pro-Government militia which brutally executed 10 people, including two children, by knives or gunshots. These attacks could amount to “war crimes of murder and outrages on personal dignity.”

“The events in Daraa bore the hallmarks of some of the most heinous atrocities committed during more than a decade of conflict in Syria,” Commissioner Hanny Megally said.

“Government forces stationed just metres from the massacre failed to intervene and protect civilians, displaying how Syria is descending deeper into lawlessness.”

Acts of torture
The report said the Commission believes the Syrian government has continued to torture persons in State custody through sexual and gender-based violence – including other forms – despite an International Court of Justice (ICJ) order to cease these practices.

Deaths in State custody were documented, and Syrian authorities impeded families’ efforts to locate their arbitrarily detained relatives, often demanding bribes for information or visits. In some cases, families only received official notifications of deaths after a ten-year delay, leaving them in limbo for a decade.

These detention practices confirmed ongoing war crimes by various actors and, in State custody, crimes against humanity.

Based on the report’s findings, the Commission says “Syria is falling deeper into an alarming humanitarian crisis that threatens to spiral out of control.”

It was further noted that only a quarter of the humanitarian needs for 2024 are funded while 13,000 civilians face acute food insecurity and more than 650,000 children show signs of stunting from severe malnutrition.

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Migrant advocate laments death of asylum seeker, condemns Libya abuses

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The Executive Director of Refugees in Libya, David Yambio, has mourned the death of a migrant whose body was recovered off the coast of Benghazi after reportedly being stranded at sea for 14 days, describing the incident as a stark reminder of the dangers faced by people fleeing conflict and persecution.

In a post on X, Yambio reflected on his own experience in Libya, saying that while detained in the North African country, he had often hoped that, if he were to die, it would be at sea rather than at the hands of violent militias.

According to him, the sea represented the only place where many migrants retained a sense of dignity, as they risked everything in pursuit of safety and international protection.

Yambio questioned what he described as a deeper humanitarian tragedy, arguing that many people seeking refuge would rather face the dangers of the Mediterranean than remain exposed to violence by armed groups in Libya.

He also criticised what he called Europe’s role in arming militias and accused African leaders of remaining silent in the face of abuses against migrants.

The activist said the photograph accompanying his post showed one of several people seeking protection who had been stranded at sea for two weeks. He noted that the man’s body, along with those of two others, was recovered off the coast of Benghazi a few days ago.

Ending his post on a poignant note, Yambio said the deceased asylum seeker had been portrayed as an “invader,” underscoring what he believes is the dehumanisation of migrants fleeing in search of safety.

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50 die as boat carrying about 60 people capsizes

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At least 50 migrants are feared dead or missing after a boat carrying about 60 people capsized off the eastern coast of Libya while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Europe, authorities have said.

The vessel overturned on Tuesday near Bardaa Island, off the coastal city of Tobruk, according to the Coast Guard in eastern Libya.

Officials said 10 passengers, including some women and children, survived by swimming to Bardaa Island. Search and rescue operations were still ongoing as authorities continued efforts to locate the remaining passengers.

The latest disaster is another in a series of deadly shipwrecks involving migrants departing from Libya, a major transit hub for people seeking to reach Europe in search of safety and better economic opportunities.

Just last month, another migrant boat sank off eastern Libya, leaving 51 people dead or missing.

Since the 2011 NATO-backed uprising that overthrew longtime ruler Moammar Gadhafi, Libya has remained politically unstable, making it a key departure point for migrants fleeing conflict, persecution and poverty across Africa and the Middle East.

Human traffickers frequently load migrants onto overcrowded and unseaworthy boats for the dangerous Mediterranean crossing, a route that has claimed thousands of lives over the years and remains one of the world’s deadliest migration corridors.

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‘Eight  people die in the Mediterranean per day’

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Sea-Watch International has announced that its rescue vessel, Sea-Watch 5, has returned to operations in the central Mediterranean after what it described as an attack by Libyan militias in May, saying it has already rescued 52 people in two separate operations.

In a post published on its verified X account, @seawatch_intl, the humanitarian organisation said 40 people were rescued on the first day of operations, followed by another 12 the next day. It added that one of the survivors, a pregnant woman, requires urgent medical care.

Sea-Watch also claimed that an average of eight people die every day while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea, renewing its criticism of European migration policies and rescue coordination.

The organisation accused the Italian government of assigning its rescue vessel to the northern port of Marina di Carrara, which it said is more than four days away from the rescue zone. According to Sea-Watch, the practice keeps humanitarian rescue ships away from areas where migrants are most at risk.

“To ensure that as few rescue ships as possible are in the rescue area, Italy sends us to the northern port Marina di Carrara, 4+ days away,” the group wrote, describing the decision as “cruel and irresponsible.”

Sea-Watch argued that the lengthy journey delays the disembarkation of rescued migrants and reduces the number of rescue vessels available to respond to emergencies at sea.

The organisation also directly criticised Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni over the country’s migration policies, questioning the government’s approach to search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean.

Italian authorities have previously defended the assignment of distant ports to humanitarian vessels, saying the measure is part of efforts to manage migrant arrivals and coordinate disembarkation procedures.

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