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Rohingya: Refugees risk dangerous sea route to Indonesia for security

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Rohingya refugees arrive in Ulee Madon in Indonesia's Aceh Province in November 2023 after completing the dangerous crossing from Bangladesh. © UNHCR/Amanda Jufrian
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Jannatara, 18, was six months pregnant and recently widowed when she boarded a boat from Bangladesh where she had been living in one of the sprawling camps for Rohingya refugees since fleeing persecution and violence in Myanmar in 2017.

After her husband was killed by unknown people in the camp last year, her parents had convinced her to leave for Indonesia.

“My parents said, ‘You are sad, your life is broken, and you cannot work in Bangladesh’. So, my mother decided that I should go,” she said.

“We spent 45 days on the boat. It was a difficult situation for me because I was pregnant. The whole time while on the boat, I kept praying, ‘Allah save me’.”

The boat finally arrived in Indonesia’s Aceh province three months ago. Now, she and her 10-day-old baby are sheltering in the basement of a convention hall building along with some 120 other Rohingya refugees who arrived at the end of last year.

They are among nearly 2,000 Rohingya refugees, most of them women and children, who have arrived in Indonesia’s Aceh and North Sumatra provinces on 13 boats since November 2023.

Earlier this year, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, described such sea journeys as among the deadliest in the world, with estimates showing that one Rohingya died or went missing for every eight who attempted the journey in 2023. In the latest tragedy, a boat carrying 151 Rohingya refugees capsized off the coast of West Aceh on 20 March. Rescue operations were only able to save 75 of them.

After witnessing the killing of her parents and siblings in Myanmar six years earlier, Sofia, a 33-year-old mother of six, said she and her husband made the decision to leave Bangladesh due to the increasing insecurity and lack of educational opportunities in the camps. “I thought my children’s future could be ruined there so we decided to take the boat.”

Before the boat departed, the smugglers gathered hundreds of people in the woods and then loaded them onto several different boats. Sofia’s boat was at sea for 16 days.

“On the fifth day, we ran out of food and water,” she said. “And then a women died. We all prayed for her in Islam rituals and then we threw the body to the sea. For 10 days, there was not enough clean water, so the children drank sea water that we mixed with lime.”

She was travelling with five of her children and each of them fell ill during the journey. They have all since recovered three months after arriving in Aceh where they are staying with 130 other Rohingya refugees at Kulam Batee site next to the beach in Pidie.

Living conditions at the camp in Aceh are difficult and overcrowded with the refugees living in communal, open-sided tents that offer little protection from the elements. Recently, Sofia’s youngest child fainted from the heat. “There was foam coming from her mouth; I thought she had died,” said Sofia.

Her greatest wish now is to be reunited with her oldest son, Shofiuddin, who came to Indonesia several years ago with a relative. Now aged 15, he is attending school in Medan, capital of North Sumatra province.

Sohidul, 24, who is also staying in the convention hall basement, had just secured a job teaching English at one of the camp learning centres in Bangladesh when a spate of kidnappings for ransom drove him to board a boat. “If they got me, they want money [and] I have no money,” he explained. “If my family didn’t pay, they will kill me. That’s why I left; because of fear.”

“On the fifth day, we ran out of food and water.”

The refugees have faced a mixed reception after arriving in Indonesia. Some boats have been prevented from landing, a response heavily influenced by an online campaign of misinformation, disinformation, and hate speech against the Rohingya.

Despite this, many local Acehnese continue to show them solidarity and support. At the convention hall site, local people often bring food, clothes and other donations for the refugees while their basic needs are provided for by UNHCR and its partners.

“I am thankful to the people in Indonesia,” said Jannatara. “When I was still pregnant, everyone helped me in the hospital. Now they also give me the mattress for the baby, the clothes and medical care.”

When Sofia and her family landed in Kulam Batee, local people gave them soap, shampoo, clean drinking water and clothes.

“The Rohingya refugees are no stranger to us, we know that they are not acknowledged as citizens in their home country, and that is why they come here to look for a new life that is decent for them and their family,” said a local villager in Kulam Batee who did not wish to be named. “Sometimes we bring fruit and fish because they obviously can’t just eat rice all the time.”

“However, we can only accommodate and help them temporarily,” he added.

UNHCR support
Working with the authorities to identify longer-term accommodation for the refugees is one of the most pressing priorities for UNHCR as it will allow the agency to maximize protection for the group. UNHCR is also processing the refugees’ asylum claims on behalf of the Indonesian Government, identifying caregivers for Rohingya children who have arrived without family members, and offering counselling to refugees who have experienced sexual exploitation, abuse or other forms of mistreatment. More funding is urgently needed to respond to the likely arrival of more boats and to address the root causes that are pushing Rohingya refugees to leave Bangladesh and preventing them from returning to Myanmar.

Sohidul still dreams of a better future, “because everyone wants to have success in this life, so I want [that] too. I will try to be a graphic designer.”

Sofia’s hopes are mainly for her children. “I know that I can’t stay in Indonesia permanently, but I hope there will be another country that will take us … I have no preference as long as they allow us to live in peace.”

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UN appoints new senior leadership for UNHCR

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The United Nations has announced a new set of senior appointments to the leadership of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), with Secretary-General António Guterres naming Tressa Rae Finerty as Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees, Antón Leis García as Assistant High Commissioner for Operations, and Edem Wosornu as Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.

The appointments, announced on Saturday, are expected to take effect in the coming weeks.

The three officials will occupy the most senior positions within UNHCR, supporting the High Commissioner in leading the agency’s global response to the protection and assistance of refugees, stateless persons and other people forced to flee their homes.

Welcoming the appointments, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Barham Salih expressed confidence that the incoming officials would strengthen the agency’s response to the growing global displacement crisis.

“I warmly welcome these appointments and look forward to working closely with Tressa, Anton and Edem,” Salih said.

“Their leadership, experience and commitment will be invaluable as UNHCR responds to displacement challenges around the world. Together, we will work to continue strengthening protection, expanding opportunities for self-reliance and pursuing lasting solutions that help refugees rebuild their lives with dignity.”

Finerty, a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, currently serves as Chargé d’Affaires at the United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. She previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Geneva and Deputy Executive Secretary in the Office of the U.S. Secretary of State. Her diplomatic career has also included postings at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations in New York and embassies in Malaysia, Iraq, Armenia and Thailand. In addition, she has taught refugee policy at New York University and Georgetown University.

Leis García currently heads the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), Spain’s development and humanitarian agency. He has previously held senior positions at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Office of the President of the Spanish Government, and international financial institutions including the African Development Bank and the World Bank Group.

Wosornu currently serves as Director of the Crisis Response Division at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Emergency Directors Group. She has held several senior headquarters and field positions within OCHA and began her United Nations career as an intern at UNHCR before working in the private legal sector in the United Kingdom.

The newly appointed officials will replace Kelly T. Clements, Deputy High Commissioner; Raouf Mazou, Assistant High Commissioner for Operations; and Ruvendrini Menikdiwela, Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, whose terms are coming to an end.

Paying tribute to the outgoing leaders, Salih praised their contributions to the agency’s humanitarian mission.

“The organization owes a profound debt of gratitude to Kelly, Raouf and Ruven for their exceptional service and dedication,” he said. “Their leadership has strengthened UNHCR’s ability to protect and assist millions of displaced and stateless people around the world.”

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Sixth batch of Nigerians stranded in South Africa return home

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The final batch of 40 stranded Nigerians evacuated from South Africa has arrived at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) in Lagos, bringing to a close the Federal Government’s evacuation exercise that returned a total of 1,174 citizens.

The returnees landed on Friday night aboard a chartered Air Peace flight, marking the sixth and final phase of the evacuation programme.

In a statement issued on Saturday, the Director of Media, Public Relations and Protocols of the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NiDCOM), Abdur-Rahman Balogun, said the exercise was carried out through six flights operated by Air Peace and ValueJet.

According to the commission, the first five batches brought home 258, 266, 262, 282 and 66 Nigerians, while the final chartered Air Peace flight evacuated the remaining 40 stranded citizens.

Balogun said the returnees expressed appreciation to President Bola Tinubu for approving the evacuation from South Africa. They also thanked the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu, the Acting Nigerian Ambassador to South Africa, Temitope Alexander-Ajayi, and NiDCOM Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Abike Dabiri-Erewa, for facilitating their safe return.

The evacuees were received at the airport by NiDCOM officials, who also announced a series of support packages from government agencies, corporate organisations and individuals.

According to the statement, Governor Hope Uzodimma of Imo State approved a grant of N1 million for each returnee from the state. Telecommunications company MTN also donated free SIM packs with N50,000 worth of data and pledged to credit each returnee’s bank account with N100,000.

Officials from the Edo and Delta State governments similarly announced assistance for their indigenes among the evacuees.

The commission added that the JAAL Foundation pledged empowerment support for 50 female returnees, while the General Overseer of Omega Power Ministries Worldwide, Apostle Dr Chibuzor Gift Chinwe, was commended for providing free accommodation for about 52 returnees, skills acquisition opportunities for their families and free education for their children up to university level.

The returnees also acknowledged Pastor Bolaji Idowu of Harvesters Church for donating N100,000 each to 66 evacuees, while real estate firm Cruxstone provided financial support to the first batch of returnees.

Balogun said officials of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), the Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS), the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) and other security agencies were present at the airport to receive and document the returnees.

“The returnees were full of gratitude for the donations, support and warm welcome received,” the statement said.

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EU Pact offers hope for better migration management and fairer asylum systems- IOM, UNHCR

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The UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, and the UN Migration Agency, IOM have welcomed the entry into force today of the European Union’s Pact on Migration and Asylum as an opportunity to move beyond crisis-driven responses and implement a more predictable, fair and effective approach to the issues across Europe.

EU Member States should seize this moment to strengthen migration management and refugee protection while advancing solidarity and responsibility-sharing in line with European values and international obligations, the agencies’ chiefs said.

“The Pact’s entry into full effect today is an important step toward a more predictable and coherent European migration system. What matters now is steady implementation over time that is effective, humane, sustainably resourced and grounded in cooperation,” said Amy Pope, Director General of the International Organization for Migration. “The priority is turning the reforms into practical results for States, communities, and people on the move.”

The Pact aims to make EU asylum systems more efficient and consistent, offering a structured framework for Member State cooperation. This can reduce backlogs while maintaining the quality of assessments, provide greater certainty for asylum-seekers, and enable refugees to begin rebuilding their lives and contributing to their communities sooner.

“This Pact is an important step in the right direction, advancing shared responsibility and more predictable, sustainable approaches across the European Union,” said Barham Salih, UN High Commissioner for Refugees. “UNHCR stands ready to support all Member States in strengthening asylum systems – ensuring access to protection for those in need, upholding human rights and dignity, and enabling safe, lawful and dignified returns for those not in need of international protection.”

IOM and UNHCR welcome the EU’s renewed focus on partnerships with all affected countries. Reducing irregular movements means addressing root causes, ensuring access to protection, tackling smuggling networks, and enabling safe, regular pathways. The organizations will continue to support route-based approaches that ensure policies deliver on protection, dignity and shared responsibility, while contributing to sustainable solutions that benefit both countries and communities along migration routes.

UNHCR and IOM welcome several key elements of the Pact, including earlier identification of people with specific needs, strengthened legal assistance, and new independent monitoring mechanisms at external borders. Returns of those with no legal right to stay must be both effective and humane. Alongside enforcement, they should ensure access to informed voluntary return, early case management, and reintegration support, working with countries of origin, transit and first asylum as part of a balanced approach that upholds dignity and fundamental rights.

These measures can help ensure that asylum processing and return procedures are faster and fairer, reducing uncertainty for asylum-seekers while strengthening public confidence in the migration and asylum system.

UNHCR and IOM stress that implementation will be the decisive test. Procedures must be carried out with adequate safeguards to ensure that no one is returned or transferred to a situation where they may face persecution, conflict or other forms of serious harm.

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