Features
Halt arms transfers to Israel- HRW tells UK
Human Rights Watch (HRW), alongside a group of UK-based civil society groups working in and on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, has written to the UK Government calling for an immediate halt to UK arms transfers to the government of Israel. The letter makes clear that there is a clear risk that arms and military equipment transferred to Israel might be used to facilitate or commit serious violations of international law, including attacks that may amount to war crimes.
Accordingly, the UK Government should immediately suspend arms transfers while the Israel Defense Forces continue to carry out widespread serious violations including war crimes, with impunity. Failure to do so risks the UK Government breaching its own laws and international obligations and being complicit in grave abuses.
Rt Hon Lord David Cameron,
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office,
London SW1A 2AH
CC: Secretary of State for Business and Trade Kemi Badenoch, and Minister of State for Development and Africa Andrew Mitchell
December 8, 2023
Joint Statement on UK Arms Transfers to Israel
Dear Foreign Secretary,
We write in the context of the ongoing hostilities in Israel and Palestine, in which many thousands of civilians have been killed and more than 1.9 million people have been displaced from their homes, to call on the UK Government to immediately halt arms transfers to the Government of Israel.
There is a clear risk that arms and military equipment transferred to Israel might be used to facilitate or commit serious violations of international law, including attacks that may amount to war crimes. Accordingly, the UK Government should immediately suspend both extant licenses for military equipment and technology and the issuing of new licenses while the Israel Defense Forces continue to carry out widespread serious violations including war crimes, with impunity. Failure to do so risks the Government breaching its own laws and international obligations and being complicit in grave abuses.
Under both relevant international and domestic law, the UK is required to prevent the transfer of military equipment and technology, including parts and components, where there is a clear or overriding risk that such equipment and technology might be used to commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law or international human rights law. These binding obligations are contained within Articles 6 and 7 of the International Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) as well as criteria one and two of the UK’s Strategic Export Licensing Criteria (SELC). Criteria three and four of the SELC also prohibits the granting of a license when there is a clear risk that the items would, overall, undermine peace and security. International law also prohibits the UK from providing weapons with the knowledge that they would significantly contribute to unlawful attacks.
Since 2015, the UK has licensed at least £474 million worth of military exports to Israel, including components for combat aircrafts, missiles, tanks, technology, small arms, and ammunition. The UK provides approximately 15 percent of the components in the F-35 stealth bomber aircraft currently being used in Gaza, including the rear fuselage and active interceptor system, ejector seats, aircraft tires, refueling probe, laser targeting system, and the fan propulsion system. Durability testing for the F-35 is also undertaken in the UK. Notably, the UK Government admitted that British supplied components were used in the 2008-2009 hostilities in Gaza. Furthermore, during the 2014 Gaza hostilities, when Lord Cameron was Prime Minister, the Government undertook a review of licensed exports to Israel. In announcing the findings of its review, it warned that it would suspend extant licenses for components which could be part of equipment used by the Israel Defense Forces in Gaza if significant hostilities resumed, as it would not be able to clarify if its export criteria were being met. As a precautionary measure, the government also stated that no new licenses had been issued during the review period (August 4, 2014, to August 12, 2014).
On October 7, 2023, Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups from Gaza carried out attacks in which some 1,200 people, the majority of whom were civilians, were killed and about 200 taken hostage. These intentional attacks on civilians and hostage-taking are war crimes and cannot be justified under any circumstances. Since then, Israeli forces have carried out massive airstrikes, including using explosive weapons with wide area effects in densely populated areas of Gaza, as well as an intense ground offensive in Gaza which has caused widespread civilian casualties and what the UN has called unprecedented destruction of civilian infrastructure in Gaza.
In eight weeks, according to Gaza’s government media office, more than 17,000 Palestinians have been killed, two-thirds of them children and women, and the hostilities and casualties have spread to neighboring countries. Since October 7, Israeli forces have carried out unlawful and apparently unlawful attacks on medical facilities, personnel and transport and a civilian vehicle, and have struck multi-story residential buildings, evacuation convoys, bakeries, water pipes and electricity networks, schools and facilities of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) that are sheltering displaced people. According to the UN, more than 52,000 homes have been destroyed and more than 1.9 million people are internally displaced within Gaza. If carried out intentionally or recklessly, attacks directed against the civilian population and civilian objects are war crimes. The Israeli military have also used white phosphorus munitions in Gaza, a densely populated area, which puts civilians at unnecessary risk and is unlawful.
Israeli authorities have also imposed a near complete blockade which is a tightening of the unlawful blockade that has been imposed for the last 16 years on the enclave. Other than a trickle of aid, which is a much smaller fraction than was allowed in before October 7 and is totally inadequate to meet the subsequent escalating needs, the Israeli authorities have cut off water, food, fuel, and electricity to Gaza’s 2.3 million population. This is a form of collective punishment of the population, which is a war crime. The UN has stated the humanitarian situation is “intolerable” and “beyond dire.”
UNRWA has at times been unable to distribute the trickle of aid that has been allowed in via the Rafah crossing due to lack of fuel, and the fuel that has since been allowed in is well below minimum requirements. The WHO has documented 212 attacks on healthcare in the Gaza Strip from October 7, 2023, to December 5, 2023, and reports that 34 out of 39 hospitals and primary healthcare centers are out of service. Many bakeries in Gaza have closed because of lack of fuel, water, wheat flour and structural damage, and food supplies are dangerously low. The UN has warned of the immediate risk of starvation. Intentionally using starvation as a method of warfare is a war crime. Around 70 percent of the population in Gaza lack access to clean water, which risks dehydration, and public health experts have expressed grave concerns of an imminent infectious disease outbreak in Gaza, including waterborne illnesses like cholera and typhoid.
In the context of the current hostilities, serious violations of international law have been committed by all parties to the armed conflict, some of which amount to war crimes. The UK risks being complicit in and facilitating serious violations of international humanitarian law if it fails to halt arms exports to Israel immediately. This risk is further heightened by statements of high-level Israeli officials that have sought to hold Gaza’s entire population responsible for the October 7 attacks, appear to disregard the principle of distinction and the protected status of civilians and civilian infrastructure, and risks mass intentional forced displacement of the civilian population in Gaza which if carried out would amount to a war crime.
Prime Minister Netanyahu invoked Amalek in a speech about intensifying Israel’s operations in Gaza.[1] Defense Minister Yoav Gallant said, “We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly.” Security Cabinet Member and Agriculture Minister Avi Dichter said, “We are now rolling out the Gaza Nakba”. President Herzog said, “It is an entire nation out there that is responsible,” while one minister remarked that “there is no reason” to provide humanitarian aid to the population until Israeli forces “eliminate” Hamas. The Israeli army spokesperson Daniel Hagari has boasted that, “Gaza will eventually turn into a city of tents. There will be no buildings,” adding “the emphasis” is “on damage and not on accuracy.”
Hostilities between the Israeli military and armed groups in Gaza have occurred in 2008/9, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2021, and 2022. UK-based charities have witnessed, documented, and sought to alleviate the destruction, hardship and impoverishment generated by conflict and blockade. In hostilities prior to 2023, Israeli forces carried out unlawful airstrikes that killed scores of civilians at a time, wiping out entire families, and targeted civilian infrastructure, destroying high-rise buildings in Gaza full of homes and businesses, with no evident military targets in the vicinity —acts that violate the laws of war. Palestinian armed groups have fired rockets indiscriminately at Israeli communities. However, the number of civilian deaths happening now is significantly higher than in recent hostilities. These acts have been carried out by all parties to the conflict with impunity.
Pursuant to criteria 2(b) of the SELC, the UK Government must also exercise special caution and vigilance in granting licenses to countries where serious violations have been established by the competent bodies of the UN, and certainly such findings of violations are relevant to the determination of ‘risk’ under international and domestic law. The UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel, has made findings of the use of excessive force, violations of rights to freedom of association, expression and opinion, rights to privacy, economic, social, and cultural rights, forcible deportation of individuals and entire communities by Israel. In the context of hostilities in Gaza in 2008 and 2009, the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza conflict found Israel carried out collective punishment, disproportionate and indiscriminate attacks resulting in deaths, serious injuries, and extensive destruction of civilian infrastructure, and failed to take feasible precautions to avoid or minimize incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects, and failed to hold those responsible to account.
In the context of the current hostilities, there is a clear and overriding risk that UK licensed military equipment could be used to commit or facilitate a serious violation of international law, including unlawful attacks that may amount to war crimes. Our organizations demand an immediate suspension of arms transfers to all parties to the current conflict. For the UK government, this requires a halt to the arming of Israel. Failure to do so risks the Government breaching its own laws and being complicit in grave abuses.
Signatories:
Asad Rehman, Chief Executive, War on Want
Katie Fallon, Director of Advocacy, Campaign Against the Arms Trade
Sacha Deshmukh, Chief Executive, Amnesty International UK
Yasmine Ahmed, UK Director, Human Rights Watch
Additional signatories:
Paul Parker, Recording Clerk, Quakers in Britain
Caroline Qutteneh, Director, Welfare Association
Charlotte Marshall, Director, Sabeel-Kairos UK
Tayab Ali, Director, International Centre of Justice for Palestinians
[1] Prime Minister Netanyahu refers to a verse of the Old Testament where God commands King Saul in the first Book of Samuel to kill every person in Amalek, a rival nation to ancient Israel. “This is what the Lord Almighty says,” the prophet Samuel tells Saul. “‘I will punish the Amalekites for what they did to Israel when they waylaid them as they came up from Egypt. Now go, attack the Amalekites, and totally destroy all that belongs to them. Do not spare them; put to death men and women, children and infants, cattle and sheep, camels, and donkeys.”
Features
Un militant des droits humains tire à nouveau la sonnette d’alarme face à la prolongation de la protestation et aux préoccupations relatives aux droits à Agadez
Yousef Ismail, membre de Refugees in Niger, a de nouveau alerté sur la situation humanitaire prolongée des réfugiés du camp humanitaire d’Agadez, au Niger, affirmant que leur manifestation pacifique se poursuit depuis plus d’un an et demeure sans solution.
Dans une série de publications, Ismail a indiqué que les réfugiés du camp manifestaient pacifiquement depuis 703 jours, réclamant une meilleure protection, la reconnaissance de leurs droits et l’accès à la protection internationale.
« La protection internationale est notre priorité », a déclaré Ismail, appelant la communauté internationale et les organisations de défense des droits humains à intervenir.
Il a décrit la situation dans le camp d’Agadez comme étant de plus en plus préoccupante et a accusé les organisations humanitaires ainsi que la communauté internationale de ne pas répondre suffisamment aux besoins des réfugiés qui, selon lui, ont fui leurs foyers à la recherche de sécurité et d’une nouvelle vie.

Ismail a exhorté les organisations internationales et de défense des droits humains à se rendre dans le camp afin d’évaluer directement la situation.
« La communauté internationale et les organisations de défense des droits humains doivent se rendre au centre humanitaire d’Agadez, où les réfugiés protestent depuis plus d’un an », a-t-il déclaré, avertissant que les réfugiés ont besoin d’une intervention urgente.
Il a également remis en question l’exactitude des déclarations faites par certaines organisations humanitaires concernant leur prise en charge des réfugiés vulnérables, affirmant que ceux bloqués à Agadez avaient, dans les faits, été abandonnés.
« N’abandonnez pas des personnes innocentes », a-t-il déclaré, soulignant que les réfugiés qui fuient des situations dangereuses devraient bénéficier d’une protection plutôt que d’être laissés dans une incertitude prolongée.
Six réfugiés auraient été expulsés vers la frontière tchadienne
Dans une autre publication, Ismail a commémoré ce qu’il a décrit comme une violation des droits humains survenue le 21 août 2025 au camp humanitaire d’Agadez.
Selon son récit, six réfugiés auraient été arrêtés puis expulsés vers la frontière avec le Tchad après avoir, selon les allégations, été déchus de leur statut de réfugié.
Il a présenté cet incident comme faisant partie de préoccupations plus larges concernant le traitement et la protection des réfugiés dans le camp.
Ismail a également attiré l’attention sur ce qu’il décrit comme la dégradation des conditions humanitaires à Agadez, réitérant son appel en faveur d’une protection et d’une intervention internationales.
Les publications ne fournissent pas de documents indépendants ni de réactions officielles des autorités nigériennes ou des organisations mises en cause par Ismail. Les allégations n’ont donc pas pu être vérifiées de manière indépendante sur la base des informations disponibles.
La prolongation de la protestation met en lumière des préoccupations plus larges concernant la protection des réfugiés et des migrants bloqués au Niger, notamment ceux qui recherchent une réinstallation, l’asile ou d’autres formes de protection internationale.
Features
Rights activist raises fresh alarm over prolonged protest, rights concerns in Agadez
A member of Refugees in Niger, Yousef Ismail, has raised fresh concerns over the prolonged humanitarian situation facing refugees at the Agadez humanitarian camp in Niger, saying their peaceful protest has continued for more than a year and remains unresolved.
In a series of posts, Ismail said refugees at the camp had been demonstrating peacefully for 703 days, demanding greater protection, recognition of their rights and access to international protection.
“International protection is our priority,” Ismail said, while calling on the international community and human rights organisations to intervene.
He described the situation at the Agadez camp as increasingly dire and accused humanitarian organisations and the international community of failing to adequately respond to the needs of refugees who, according to him, fled their homes in search of safety and a new life.
Ismail urged international and human rights organisations to visit the camp and assess the situation directly.
“The international community and human rights organizations must go to the Agadez humanitarian center, where refugees have been protesting for over a year,” he said, warning that the refugees urgently need intervention.

He also questioned the accuracy of statements made by humanitarian organisations about their treatment of vulnerable refugees, alleging that those stranded in Agadez had effectively been abandoned.
“Do not abandon innocent people,” he said, stressing that refugees fleeing danger should receive protection rather than being left in prolonged uncertainty.
Six refugees allegedly expelled to Chad border
In another post, Ismail commemorated what he described as a human rights violation that occurred on August 21, 2025, at the Agadez Humanitarian Camp.
According to his account, six refugees were arrested and subsequently expelled to the border with Chad after allegedly being stripped of their refugee status.
He presented the incident as part of broader concerns over the treatment and protection of refugees in the camp.
Ismail also called attention to what he described as the deteriorating humanitarian conditions in Agadez, reiterating his demand for international protection and intervention.
The posts did not provide independent documentation or official responses from Nigerien authorities or the organisations criticised by Ismail. The allegations therefore could not be independently verified from the information provided.
The prolonged protest highlights wider concerns surrounding the protection of refugees and migrants stranded in Niger, particularly those seeking resettlement, asylum or other forms of international protection.
Features
Externalisation des frontières : l’activiste latino-américain Paulo Illes appelle à une alliance mondiale pour défendre les migrants
Le président du No Borders Network, Paulo Illes, a appelé à la création d’une alliance internationale contre l’externalisation des frontières, avertissant que les gouvernements du monde entier transfèrent de plus en plus les responsabilités liées au contrôle des migrations au-delà de leurs propres territoires.
Illes a lancé cet appel lors du Forum social mondial qui vient de s’achever en République du Bénin.
Il a participé à une table ronde consacrée à l’externalisation des frontières.
Illes y a présenté la perspective latino-américaine sur la gouvernance des migrations et ses implications pour l’Afrique, l’Amérique latine et l’Europe.

Il a expliqué que, bien que les routes migratoires diffèrent selon les régions, les pays sont confrontés à une tendance politique similaire, caractérisée par l’expansion de politiques visant à empêcher les migrants d’atteindre leurs destinations finales.
Selon lui, la mondialisation croissante de l’externalisation des frontières exige une réponse tout aussi coordonnée de la part des organisations de la société civile, des communautés de migrants et des défenseurs des droits humains.
Illes a présenté le No Borders Network comme un réseau international de la société civile qui relie des organisations d’Amérique latine et de la péninsule Ibérique pour défendre les droits des migrants et des réfugiés.
Il a expliqué que l’externalisation des frontières en Amérique latine avait dépassé le cadre des contrôles frontaliers traditionnels pour devenir un système plus large de gestion de la mobilité humaine.
« En Amérique latine, l’externalisation des frontières revêt des caractéristiques particulières. Plus qu’une simple politique migratoire, elle représente un changement dans la manière dont les États gouvernent la mobilité humaine », a-t-il déclaré.
Illes a expliqué que les frontières devenaient de plus en plus des réseaux de mécanismes de contrôle répartis entre plusieurs pays, plutôt que de simples limites géographiques.
Il a identifié deux grandes dimensions de cette politique en Amérique latine : les efforts visant à contrôler les flux migratoires vers les États-Unis et les mesures destinées à anticiper les politiques européennes de contrôle des migrations.
Selon lui, plusieurs pays situés le long des routes migratoires ont assumé des responsabilités de confinement, rendant de plus en plus difficile pour les migrants d’atteindre leurs pays de destination.
Il a ajouté que l’externalisation s’opérait également par l’intermédiaire des aéroports internationaux, des régimes de visas, des procédures consulaires, du partage d’informations sur les migrations et de mesures administratives susceptibles de limiter l’accès à l’asile et à la protection internationale.
Illes a soutenu que ce qui était externalisé n’était pas seulement le contrôle des frontières, mais également la responsabilité de la protection internationale.
Il a déclaré que les pays de destination transféraient de plus en plus à d’autres États la responsabilité d’empêcher les migrants de poursuivre leur parcours et, dans certains cas, d’accueillir des personnes qui chercheraient autrement à bénéficier des systèmes internationaux d’asile.
Il a cité le Brésil comme exemple des contradictions entourant la gouvernance des migrations, soulignant que le pays disposait d’une législation migratoire axée sur les droits humains, de programmes de visas humanitaires et d’initiatives de parrainage communautaire, tout en subissant parallèlement la pression de la tendance internationale à contenir les migrations.
« L’externalisation prend différentes formes selon les régions du monde, mais ses objectifs restent les mêmes : repousser les frontières plus loin, rendre l’accès à la protection plus difficile et transférer les responsabilités internationales », a-t-il déclaré.
Résistance de la société civile
Illes a déclaré que la société civile organisée demeurait une source majeure de résistance à l’expansion des politiques d’externalisation.
Il a cité les mouvements sociaux, les universités, les Églises, les syndicats, les organisations de migrants et les groupes de la société civile parmi les acteurs qui développent des réponses alternatives aux politiques migratoires restrictives.
Il a indiqué que le No Borders Network travaillait à mettre en relation des organisations de différents pays, à partager des informations, à élaborer des positions communes, à mener des actions de plaidoyer politique et à renforcer les alternatives concrètes en matière d’accueil et d’intégration des migrants.
Selon lui, la résistance ne devrait pas se limiter à dénoncer les violations des droits humains, mais devrait également inclure l’élaboration d’alternatives viables.
« Notre stratégie n’est pas simplement de résister. Il s’agit de construire un autre modèle de gouvernance des migrations, fondé sur les droits humains, la solidarité et une responsabilité internationale partagée », a-t-il déclaré.
Il a appelé au renforcement des réseaux internationaux de la société civile, à la mise en place d’informations fiables sur les nouvelles formes d’externalisation des frontières, à un suivi permanent des violations des droits humains et à une action conjointe auprès des gouvernements et des organisations internationales.
Il a également plaidé en faveur de politiques d’accueil et d’intégration plus solides ainsi que d’une plus grande participation des migrants aux décisions qui affectent leur vie.
Appel à une alliance internationale
Illes a proposé que le Forum social mondial laisse un héritage concret en renforçant une Alliance internationale contre l’externalisation des frontières.
Selon lui, une telle alliance pourrait mettre en relation les organisations de la société civile, coordonner le plaidoyer politique, partager des informations, réagir rapidement aux violations des droits humains et élaborer des alternatives aux politiques de confinement des migrations.
« Les gouvernements ont déjà construit une architecture internationale pour contrôler la mobilité humaine. C’est maintenant à notre tour de construire une architecture internationale fondée sur la solidarité, la coopération et la défense des droits humains », a-t-il déclaré.
Il a également invité les participants à une conférence internationale prévue les 26 et 27 novembre à São Paulo, au Brésil, à l’occasion du 10e anniversaire du Forum social mondial sur les migrations.
Illes a indiqué que cette conférence chercherait à renforcer la coopération entre les organisations de la société civile, les mouvements sociaux, les chercheurs et les dirigeants de communautés de migrants engagés en faveur de politiques migratoires fondées sur les droits humains et la solidarité.
Il a averti que la criminalisation de la mobilité humaine se propageait dans différentes régions du monde, les migrants étant de plus en plus présentés comme des menaces, tandis que le confinement se substitue à la solidarité.
Selon lui, le débat devrait finalement dépasser la seule question des politiques migratoires pour aborder la question fondamentale de la mobilité humaine et de la protection de la dignité humaine.
« Si nous acceptons que la migration constitue une menace, l’externalisation apparaîtra toujours comme légitime », a-t-il déclaré.
« Mais si nous réaffirmons que la migration est un droit humain et que la protection des vies constitue une obligation internationale partagée, alors une autre forme de gouvernance des migrations n’est pas seulement possible : elle est nécessaire. »
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