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3,500 children died or disappeared over the past 10 years attempting to cross Central Mediterranean migration route to Italy

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UNICEF/UN019996/Gilbertson VII Photo FILE PHOTO: A boy who sought asylum as an unaccompanied minor looks across the beach in Trabia, Italy. May 14, 2016.
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UNICEF, the United Nations agency for children, estimated that  approximately 3,500 children have died or disappeared attempting to cross the Central Mediterranean migration route to Italy over the past 10 years. This is the equivalent of one child losing their life every day for a decade.

18 April marked 10 years since a catastrophic shipwreck off the coast of Italy killed more than 1,000 people, including children.

Around seven in 10 children make this journey without a parent or legal guardian, meaning that most children who died or disappeared along this route were travelling alone. Their journeys can be particularly harrowing. Survey data found more than half of children and young people report experiencing physical violence, and a third report being held in a location against their will.

Many of the children attempting to cross the Central Mediterranean route are fleeing war, conflict, violence and poverty, which continue to drive displacement and force them to seek safety and opportunities elsewhere.

“Ten years ago, a shipwreck off the coast of Italy killed more than 1,000 people and sent shockwaves across the region,” said Regina De Dominicis, UNICEF Regional Director for Europe and Central Asia and Special Coordinator for the Refugee and Migrant response in Europe.

“Governments must protect the rights and best interests of children in line with their obligations under national and international law. The rights enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child do not stop at borders or shores – they travel with children as they cross.”

At least 20,803 people have died or disappeared in the central Mediterranean over the past 10 years. Many shipwrecks on this perilous migration route from North Africa leave no survivors or go unrecorded – making the true number of people dying or disappearing practically impossible to verify and likely much higher.

The vast majority of those who died or go missing are never identified, so information about their profiles is even harder to come by or verify.

UNICEF reiterates that while the adoption of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum may result in a more organized system for managing migration, it must be implemented in full alignment with legal obligations to uphold the best interests of children.

UNICEF calls for enhanced, child-sensitive search and rescue operations to prevent deaths at sea. Upon arrival, every child must be provided with immediate legal representation and robust safeguards. Restrictions on movement should never result in a child being detained in an immigration facility – whether during screening, border, asylum or return procedures.

UNICEF is supporting countries in strengthening national child protection, social protection and migration and asylum systems to ensure children are safe as they move. UNICEF is also working with countries to provide support and inclusive services to all children, regardless of their or their parents’ legal status.

In Italy, UNICEF is working with the Government and other partners to provide children and women with access to psychosocial support, health and specialized services for those at risk of violence, exploitation and abuse.

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Migrant advocate laments death of asylum seeker, condemns Libya abuses

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The Executive Director of Refugees in Libya, David Yambio, has mourned the death of a migrant whose body was recovered off the coast of Benghazi after reportedly being stranded at sea for 14 days, describing the incident as a stark reminder of the dangers faced by people fleeing conflict and persecution.

In a post on X, Yambio reflected on his own experience in Libya, saying that while detained in the North African country, he had often hoped that, if he were to die, it would be at sea rather than at the hands of violent militias.

According to him, the sea represented the only place where many migrants retained a sense of dignity, as they risked everything in pursuit of safety and international protection.

Yambio questioned what he described as a deeper humanitarian tragedy, arguing that many people seeking refuge would rather face the dangers of the Mediterranean than remain exposed to violence by armed groups in Libya.

He also criticised what he called Europe’s role in arming militias and accused African leaders of remaining silent in the face of abuses against migrants.

The activist said the photograph accompanying his post showed one of several people seeking protection who had been stranded at sea for two weeks. He noted that the man’s body, along with those of two others, was recovered off the coast of Benghazi a few days ago.

Ending his post on a poignant note, Yambio said the deceased asylum seeker had been portrayed as an “invader,” underscoring what he believes is the dehumanisation of migrants fleeing in search of safety.

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50 die as boat carrying about 60 people capsizes

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At least 50 migrants are feared dead or missing after a boat carrying about 60 people capsized off the eastern coast of Libya while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Europe, authorities have said.

The vessel overturned on Tuesday near Bardaa Island, off the coastal city of Tobruk, according to the Coast Guard in eastern Libya.

Officials said 10 passengers, including some women and children, survived by swimming to Bardaa Island. Search and rescue operations were still ongoing as authorities continued efforts to locate the remaining passengers.

The latest disaster is another in a series of deadly shipwrecks involving migrants departing from Libya, a major transit hub for people seeking to reach Europe in search of safety and better economic opportunities.

Just last month, another migrant boat sank off eastern Libya, leaving 51 people dead or missing.

Since the 2011 NATO-backed uprising that overthrew longtime ruler Moammar Gadhafi, Libya has remained politically unstable, making it a key departure point for migrants fleeing conflict, persecution and poverty across Africa and the Middle East.

Human traffickers frequently load migrants onto overcrowded and unseaworthy boats for the dangerous Mediterranean crossing, a route that has claimed thousands of lives over the years and remains one of the world’s deadliest migration corridors.

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‘Eight  people die in the Mediterranean per day’

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Sea-Watch International has announced that its rescue vessel, Sea-Watch 5, has returned to operations in the central Mediterranean after what it described as an attack by Libyan militias in May, saying it has already rescued 52 people in two separate operations.

In a post published on its verified X account, @seawatch_intl, the humanitarian organisation said 40 people were rescued on the first day of operations, followed by another 12 the next day. It added that one of the survivors, a pregnant woman, requires urgent medical care.

Sea-Watch also claimed that an average of eight people die every day while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea, renewing its criticism of European migration policies and rescue coordination.

The organisation accused the Italian government of assigning its rescue vessel to the northern port of Marina di Carrara, which it said is more than four days away from the rescue zone. According to Sea-Watch, the practice keeps humanitarian rescue ships away from areas where migrants are most at risk.

“To ensure that as few rescue ships as possible are in the rescue area, Italy sends us to the northern port Marina di Carrara, 4+ days away,” the group wrote, describing the decision as “cruel and irresponsible.”

Sea-Watch argued that the lengthy journey delays the disembarkation of rescued migrants and reduces the number of rescue vessels available to respond to emergencies at sea.

The organisation also directly criticised Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni over the country’s migration policies, questioning the government’s approach to search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean.

Italian authorities have previously defended the assignment of distant ports to humanitarian vessels, saying the measure is part of efforts to manage migrant arrivals and coordinate disembarkation procedures.

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